Stability of Morse-Smale vector fields on manifolds with boundary (Q2638625)

The authors are concerned with stability of Morse-Smale vector fields on manifolds with boundary. In order to make precise statements about their results let us first introduce some basic notations and definitions used in the paper. Let M be a compact manifold with boundary \(\partial M\) and denote by \({\mathcal X}^ r(M,\partial M)\) the space of \(C^ r\) vector fields on M, that are tangent to \(\partial M\) endowed with the usual \(C^ r\) topology. In this space the structural stability can be defined as in the boundaryless case. If \(p\in M\) is a singularity (resp. closed orbit) of \(X\in {\mathcal X}^{\infty}(M,\partial M)\) we say that the weakest contraction at p is defined if among the contractive eigenvalues of DX(p) (resp. Df(p), f the Poincaré map) the one with biggest real part is simple. Dually we can set the concept of the weakest expansion at p. Assume the generic conditions that all the singularities and periodic orbits are \(C^ 2\) linearizable and for each critical element \(\sigma\) of X, the weakest contraction (resp. expansion) at \(\sigma\) is defined. Denote by \({\mathcal X}_*^{\infty}(M,\partial M)\) this open and dense subset of \({\mathcal X}^{\infty}(M,\partial M).\) Given \(X\in {\mathcal X}^{\infty}(M,\partial M)\), denote by \(\Omega\) (X) the set of nonwandering points of X. A vector field \(X\in {\mathcal X}_*^{\infty}(M,\partial M)\) is called Morse-Smale if (i) \(\Omega\) (X) is simple and hyperbolic; (ii) X/\(\partial M\) is Morse-Smale; (iii) for \(\sigma\),\(\gamma\in \Omega (X)\), if \(x\in M\) is a point of nontransversal intersection of \(W^ u(\sigma)\) with \(W^ s(\gamma)\) then \(x\in \partial M\) and either \(\sigma\) or \(\gamma\) is a singularity of X. Denote by \({\mathcal X}^{\infty}_{M-S}(M,\partial M)\) the set of Morse-Smale vector fields in \({\mathcal X}_*^{\infty}(M,\partial M)\). Then it is not hard to prove the following Theorem 1. Let \(X\in {\mathcal X}_*^{\infty}(M,\partial M)\) be such that \(\Omega\) (X) is simple. If X is structurally stable in \({\mathcal X}_*^{\infty}(M,\partial M)\) then \(X\in {\mathcal X}^{\infty}_{M- S}(M,\partial M).\) The main goal of this paper is to prove the converse of the above theorem, that is, to prove the following Theorem 2. Let \(X\in {\mathcal X}_*^{\infty}(M,\partial M)\) be such that \(\Omega\) (X) is simple. If \(X\in {\mathcal X}^{\infty}_{M-S}(M,\partial M)\) then X is structurally stable.