Unitary representations of topological groups and functional equations (Q2640800)

The functional equation \((1)\quad f(x-y)=\sum^{n}_{j=1}a_ j(x)\overline{a_ j(y)}\) was studied by \textit{T. A. O'Connor} [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 60, 120-122 (1977; Zbl 0362.43004)]. The author treats (1) in the form (2) \(f(x-y)=<a(x),a(y)>\), where a: \(G\to {\mathbb{C}}^ n\) and determines f as well as a, which was not done in O'Connor's paper. Regarding (2), the following theorem is proved: Let f: \(G\to {\mathbb{C}}\), a: \(G\to H\) be continuous and satisfy (4) \(f(y^{-1}x)=<a(x),a(y)>\) where G is a topological group and H a Hilbert space. Then there exists a continuous, unitary representation U of G in the space \(H_ 0=cl Lina(G)\) with the cycle vector \(\xi_ 0=a(e)\) such that \(f(x)=<U(x)\xi_ 0,\xi_ 0>\) and \(a(x)=U(x)\xi_ 0.\) The author also obtains the solution of the functional equation \((3)\quad f(x,y)+f(xy^{-1})=2<a(x),a(y)>\) which is a generalization of the d'Alembert's equation studied by several authors including the reviewer. Theorem. Let f: \(G\to {\mathbb{C}}\) and a: \(G\to H\) be continuous and satisfy (3). Further let \(a(z_ 0)=0\) for some \(z_ 0\) and \(a(xyz_ 0)=a(xz_ 0y)\). Then as above exist a unitary U and \(\xi_ 0\) such that \(f(x)=<U(x)\xi_ 0+U(x^{-1})\xi_ 0,\xi_ 0>\) and \(a(x)=(U(x)\xi_ 0+U(x^{-1})\xi_ 0)\).