Artificial boundary conditions of pressure type for viscous flows in a system of pipes (Q2642545)

The authors study boundary value problems for linear Stokes system \[ -\nu \Delta v+ \nabla p= f',\quad- \operatorname{div}v= f_4 \quad\text{in }\Omega, \qquad v=g \quad\text{on }\partial \Omega, \] and nonlinear Navier-Stokes system \[ - \nu \Delta v+ v\cdot\nabla v+\nabla p= f',\quad- \operatorname{div}v = f_4 \quad\text{in }\Omega, \qquad v=g \quad\text{on }\partial \Omega, \] where \(\Omega \subset\mathbb R^3\) is a domain with several cylindrical outlets to infinity. The solutions of these problems are approximated by solutions on bounded subdomains. The domain obtained after cutting all outlets at a distance \(R\) from its origin is denoted by \(\Omega _R \). The original boundary value problem is preserved on \(\Omega _R \) and \(\partial \Omega _R \cap \partial \Omega \). On the truncation surface \(\Gamma _R = \partial \Omega _R \backslash \partial \Omega \) a boundary condition is added, which is usually referred as artificial boundary condition (ABC). The optimal ABC turns out to have singular coefficients. Existence, uniqueness and asymptotically precise estimates for the truncation error are proved for linear problem and for the nonlinear problem with small data. The results include also estimates for so called ``do-nothing'' condition.