Factorization and extension of isomorphisms on \(C(X)\) to homeomorphisms on hyperspaces (Q2643067)

For binormal spaces \(X\) and \(Y\), the authors give conditions ensuring that a positive topological group isomorphism between the spaces of continuous functions \(C(X)\) and \(C(Y)\), endowed with the graph topology, has an extension to an ordered homeomorphism between some appropriate subspaces of the hyperspaces of \(X \times \mathbb R\) and \(Y \times \mathbb R\), endowed with the Vietoris topology. Let \(X\) be a binormal, i.e.\ countably paracompact normal space. We denote by \(L(X)\) the space of those locally bounded closed subsets \(A\) of \(X \times \mathbb R\) for which \(\{t : (x, t) \in A\}\) is nonempty and connected for all \(x \in X\). We endow \(L(X)\) with the Vietoris topology. The space of continuous real-valued functions \(C(X)\) is considered as a subspace of \(L(X)\); then \(C(X)\) is a topological group under the pointwise addition. The authors study which maps from \(C(X)\) to \(C(Y)\) extend to maps from \(L(X)\) to \(L(Y)\). Before stating the results we recall some definitions. A homeomorphism \(\psi : X \times \mathbb R \to X \times \mathbb R\) is a \textit{fiber homeomorphism over \(X\)} if \(\psi(\{x\} \times \mathbb R) = \{x\} \times \mathbb R \) for every \(x \in X\). For a fiber homeomorphism \(\psi\) over \(X\), we define \(\psi^{\star}: L(X) \to L(X)\), \(\psi^{\star}(A) = \{\psi(x,t): (x,t) \in A \}\) \((A \in \Lambda(X))\). Similarly, if \(\varphi: X \to Y\) is a homeomorphism we set \(\varphi^{\star}: L(X) \to L(Y)\), \(\varphi^{\star}(A) = \{(\varphi(x),t): (x,t) \in A \}\) \((A \in \Lambda(X))\). For \(g \in C(X)\) we define \(g^{\star} : C(X) \to C(X)\) by \(g^{\star}(f)(x) = g(x)f(x)\) \((f \in C(X),~x \in X)\). A topological group isomorphism \(\lambda : C(X) \to C(Y)\) is \textit{positive} if \(f \geq 0 \Leftrightarrow \lambda(f) \geq 0\) \((f \in C(X))\). A bijection \(\varphi : X \to Y\) is \textit{compatible with \( \lambda\) on zero-sets} if for every non-negative \(f \in C(X)\) and \(x \in X\), \(f (x) = 0 \Leftrightarrow \lambda(f)(\varphi(x)) = 0\). A surjective function \(\Lambda : L(X) \to L(Y )\) is \textit{ordered} if for every \(A,B\in L(X)\), \(A \subseteq B \Leftrightarrow \Lambda(A) \subseteq \Lambda(B)\). The authors obtain the following. {1.} Let \(X\) and \(Y\) be binormal spaces and let \(\lambda : C(X) \to C(Y)\) be a positive topological group isomorphism. If {\(\bullet\)} either there exists bijection \(\varphi : X \to Y\) which is compatible with \( \lambda\) on zero-sets, {\(\bullet\)} or \(X\) and \(Y\) are both realcompact, {\(\bullet\)} or the pseudocharacters of both \(X\) and \(Y\) are countable, then \(\lambda\) can be extended to an ordered homeomorphism \(\Lambda : L(X) \to L(Y )\). An example is given showing that, in order to obtain this conclusion, it is not enough to assume merely that \(X\) and \(Y\) are binormal. {2.} If \(X\) and \(Y\) are normal spaces, then for every ordered homeomorphism \(\Lambda : L(X) \to L(Y )\) there exist a unique homeomorphism \(\varphi : X \to Y\) and a unique fiber homeomorphism \(\psi\) over \(X\) such that \(\Lambda =\varphi^{\star}\psi^{\star}\). {3.} By combining the previous results, for binormal spaces \(X\), \(Y\) and a positive topological group isomorphism \(\lambda : C(X) \to C(Y)\) the following are equivalent: {\(\bullet\)} There exist a homeomorphism \(\varphi : X \to Y\) and a continuous function \(g : X \to (0,+\infty)\) such that \(\lambda =\varphi^{\star}g^{\star}\). {\(\bullet\)} There exist a unique homeomorphism \(\varphi : X \to Y\) and a unique continuous function \(g : X \to (0,+\infty)\) such that \(\lambda =\varphi^{\star}g^{\star}\). {\(\bullet\)} \(\lambda\) can be extended to a homeomorphism from \(L(X)\) onto \(L(Y)\). {\(\bullet\)} \(\lambda\) can be extended to an ordered homeomorphism from \(L(X)\) onto \(L(Y)\).