Large time behavior of bounded solutions to a parabolic system of chemotaxis in the whole space (Q2644045)

Let \((u,v)\) be a classical solution to the Cauchy problem \[ \begin{align*}{ \partial_t u & = \nabla\cdot \left( \nabla u - u \nabla v \right) \;\;\text{ in }\;\; (0,\infty)\times{\Bbb R}^N\,, \cr \partial_t v & = \Delta v - v + u \;\;\text{ in }\;\; (0,\infty)\times{\Bbb R}^N\,, }\end{align*} \] with initial data \(u_0\in (L^1\cap L^\infty)({\mathbb R}^N)\) and \(v_0\in (W^{1,1}\cap W^{1,\infty})({\mathbb R}^N)\) such that \[ \sup_{t\geq 0}\left( \| u(t)\| _{L^q}+\| v(t)\| _{L^q} \right) < \infty \] for \(q=1\) and \(q=\infty\) (such solutions exist provided the initial data are small for an appropriate norm). Introducing the heat kernel \(G(x,t)=(4\pi t)^{-N/2} \exp{\{-| x| ^2/(4t)\}}\) and \(M=\int_{{\mathbb R}^N} u_0(y) dy\) it has been shown by \textit{T. Nagai, R. Syukuinn} and \textit{M. Umesako} [Funkc. Ekvacioj, Ser. Int. 46, No.3, 383-407 (2003; Zbl 1330.35476)] that \(t^{N(q-1)/(2q)} \| u(t) - M G(t)\| _{L^q}\) and \(t^{N(q-1)/(2q)} \| v(t) - M G(t)\| _{L^q}\) converge to zero as \(t\to\infty\) for all \(q\in [1,\infty]\) and \(N\geq 2\). In other words, both \(u\) and \(v\) behave for large times as the solution to the linear heat equation and the drift term \(\nabla\cdot ( u \nabla v )\) and the reaction term \(u-v\) turn out to be negligible for large times. In the paper under review, this result is shown to be valid also for \(N=1\) and improved for any \(N\geq 1\) for initial data satisfying in addition \(u_0\in L^1({\mathbb R}^N; | y| dy)\). In the latter case, introducing \[ E = \int_{{\mathbb R}^N} y u_0(y) dy \;\;\text{ and }\;\; V(t) = \int_0^t \int_{{\mathbb R}^N} u(x,t) \nabla v(x,t) dxdt , \] the vector-valued function \(t\mapsto V(t)\) has a limit \(V_\infty\) as \(t\to\infty\) if \(N\geq 2\) and \(t^{(N(q-1)+q)/(2q)} \| u(t) - M G(t) + (E+V_\infty)\cdot \nabla G(t)\| _{L^q}\) converges to zero as \(t\to\infty\) for all \(q\in [1,\infty]\), indicating a behaviour still dominated by the linear heat equation to second order. A less precise result is obtained for \(N=1\) where only a logarithmic upper bound is established for \(V(t)\). As usual for semilinear problems, the proofs rely on the representation of \((u,v)\) with the Duhamel formula and the decay properties of the heat kernel.