On the mean value of the complete trigonometric sums with Dirichlet characters (Q2644366)

Let \(q \geq 3\) be an integer, and let \(k\) be a positive integer. When \(\chi\) is a Dirichlet character modulo \(q\) and \(c_0, \dots, c_{k-1}, m \in {\mathbb Z}\), define \[ S_{\chi}(q, m, {\mathbf c}) = \sum_{a=1}^q \chi(a) e\left(\frac{ma^k+c_{k-1}a^{k-1}+ \cdots + c_0}{q}\right), \] where \(e(y)=e^{2\pi i y}\). The author proves that whenever \((k, q\varphi(q))=1\) one has \[ \sum_{m=1}^q \sum_{\chi \bmod q} | S_{\chi}(q,m,{\mathbf c})| ^4 = \varphi^2(q) q^2 \prod_{p^{\alpha} \parallel q} \left(\alpha+1-\frac{\alpha+2}{p}\right). \] The proof is a fairly straightforward calculation based on the orthogonality of Dirichlet characters, a quasi-multiplicative property for \(S_{\chi}(q,m,{\mathbf c})\), and counting solutions of the congruence \((a^k-1)(b^k-1) \equiv 0 \pmod{p^\alpha}\) with \(a\) and \(b\) not divisible by \(p\).