An analogue of Euler's \(\varphi\)-function (Q2652862)

The following is part of a joint review for six articles on the Euler \(\varphi\)-function: The author remarks that if \(n\) is a positive integer and \(\varphi_r(n)\) is the number of arithmetic progressions with difference \(n\) which contain infinitely many \(r\)th power-free integers, then \(\varphi_r(n)=n\prod_{p^r\mid n}(1-p^{-r})\) \((r=2,3,\dots)\); he also studies the almost-periodic properties of \(\varphi_r(n)\) and an expansion for it due to \textit{S. Ramanujan} [On certain trigonometrical sums and their applications in the theory of numbers. Trans. Camb. Philos. Soc. 22, 259--276 (1918)].