On Newton's lemma (Q2655023)

The non-Archimedian Newton's Lemma is concerned with the possibility of obtaining exact solutions of systems of equations from approximate ones provided that the approximate solutions are ``sufficiently far'' from the singular locus of the system. Different notions of ``sufficiently far'' led to several versions of the Lemma, most notably due to Hensel, Tougeron, Artin and Elkik. In the present paper the authors deduce a ``multidimensional Newton's Lemma'', holding for a commutative ring \(A\) which is complete with respect to an ideal, by linking the notion of ``sufficiently far'' with two different generalizations of the infinitesimal lifting property, called weak and strong. After exploring in detail these variations of the infinitesimal lifting property, the authors show that the weak version of it recovers Elkik's Lemma [\textit{R. Elkik}, Ann. Sci. École Norm. Sup. (4) 6 (1973), 553--603 (1974; Zbl 0327.14001)], while the strong version yields a special case of Tougeron's Lemma [\textit{M. Artin}, Publ. Math., Inst. Hautes Études Sci. 36, 23--58 (1969; Zbl 0181.48802)]. Finally, the authors show that the multidimensional Newton's Lemma yields also a special version of the so-called Greenberg-Schappacher Theorem, due originally to \textit{M. Greenberg} in [Publ. Math., Inst. Hautes Étud. Sci. 31, 59--64 (1966; Zbl 1206.51015)] for a DVR and proven in great generality by \textit{N. Schappacher} in [Eine Diophantische Invariante von Singularitäten über nichtarchimedischen Körpen. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät der Georg-August-Universität zu Göttingen (1978; Zbl 0418.14015)].