Vortex-filaments for inhomogeneous superconductors in three dimensions (Q2655114)

The paper investigates the asymptotic behavior of solutions into framework of the 3-D Ginzburg-Landau (GL) model of inhomogeneous superconductivity with an applied magnetic field \(O(|\ln\varepsilon|)\), where \(1/\varepsilon\) is the GL parameter. These solutions are the critical points of the GL energy. Physically, vortices leading to current dissipation are attracted to the minima of \(a(x)\) the parameter which defines the material inhomogeneity (vortex pinning phenomenon). The paper analyses the structure of vortex-filaments in an inhomogeneous superconductor and shows that it is a 1-D rectifiable set. It is assumed that the vortex energy of the complex order parameter \(u(\varepsilon)\), which indicates the local state of the material, blows up like \(|\ln\varepsilon|\). Then, there are introduced the minimizers \(f(\varepsilon)\) of the energy functional. For the minimize, it is stated a constitutive equation in the region considered and studied \(u(\varepsilon) = f(\varepsilon)v(\varepsilon)\). By defining some measures and Jacobian the main theorem of the paper is formulated. The theorem states for the solutions of the 3D GL model the properties of limit singularities, convergence and concentrating measure. The proof of the main theorem uses the Bethuel-Orlandi-Smets (BOS) technique. In order to overcome the difficulty arising from inhomogeneous term \(a(x)\), it is used the decomposition of the constitutive equation for minimizer and the decomposition of representation of \(u(\varepsilon)\). The second important point of the proof is connected with monotonicity formula. With this aim, it is obtained the uniformly estimate of the vector potential \(A(\varepsilon)\) and refined estimates of Jacobian integrals. By this, first of all, it is studied the real solution of the constitutive equation for minimizing in some sense defining the density profile of vortexless configurations. These estimations are obtained by using the Coulomb gauge, maximum principles, the Sobolev embedding theorem and elliptic theory. The computation directly gives the Pohozaev identity. This step is different to that in the BOS approach. The third important ingredient is the \(\eta\)-compactness theorem which bounds \(|v(\varepsilon)|\) away from zero as soon as the local energy is bounded by \(\eta|\ln\varepsilon|\) with small \(\eta\). In the proof of this theorem, the Hodge--de Rham decomposition is also different to that in the BOS approach. Finally, the estimations obtained in the \(\eta\)-compactness theorem allow one to prove the main theorem of the paper.