Continuity envelopes of spaces of generalized smoothness in the critical case (Q2655133)

The paper deals with continuity envelopes for function spaces of generalised smoothness of type \(B^{(s,\Psi)}_{p,q}\) and \(F^{(s,\Psi)}_{p,q}\) on \(\mathbb{R}^n\) in the critical case \(s=\frac{n}{p}\), where \(s\in\mathbb{R}\), \(0<p,q\leq\infty\), and \(\Psi\) is a slowly varying function satisfying some further conditions. The main and quite surprising results are contained in Theorems~3.4 and 3.5 and have remarkable consequences on the `classical' case \(\Psi\equiv 1\). The continuity envelope function of a function space \(X\) is given by \[ \mathcal{E}_{\mathsf{C}}^X(t) := \sup_{\| f |X\|\leq 1} \, \frac{\omega(f,t)}{t},\quad 0<t<1, \] where \(\omega(f,t)\) is the usual modulus of continuity. Together with a fine index \(u_X\), this leads to the continuity envelope \(\mathfrak{E}_{\mathsf{C}} (X) = \left(\mathcal{E}_{\mathsf{C}}^X, u_X\right)\). Since this concept is restricted to situations \(X\hookrightarrow C\setminus \mathrm{Lip}^1\), only situations with \(\frac{n}{p}\leq s \leq \frac{n}{p}+1\) are of interest, where the limiting situations \(s=\frac{n}{p}\) and \(s=\frac{n}{p}+1\) need special care. First results were obtained in [\textit{D.\,D.\thinspace Haroske} and \textit{S.\,D.\thinspace Moura}, ``Continuity envelopes of spaces of generalised smoothness, entropy and approximation numbers.'' J.~Approximation Theory 128, No.\,2, 151--174 (2004; Zbl 1055.46020)] and [\textit{A.\,M.\thinspace Caetano} and \textit{D.\,D.\thinspace Haroske}, ``Continuity envelopes of spaces of generalised smoothness: a limiting case; embeddings and approximation numbers.'' J.~Funct.\ Spaces Appl.\ 3, No.\,1, 33--71 (2005; Zbl 1079.46019)] which cover the cases \(\frac{n}{p}< s\leq \frac{n}{p}+1\), in [\textit{D.\,D.\thinspace Haroske} and \textit{S.\,D.\thinspace Moura}, ``Continuity envelopes and sharp embeddings in spaces of generalized smoothness.'' J.~Funct.\ Anal.\ 254, No.\,6, 1487--1521 (2008; Zbl 1148.46021)] more general situations were studied, whereas [\textit{D.\,D.\thinspace Haroske}, ``Envelopes and sharp embeddings of function spaces'' (Chapman \& Hall/CRC Research Notes in Mathematics 437; Boca Raton/FL: Chapman \& Hall/CRC) (2007; Zbl 1111.46002)] deals with the `classical' case. However, the situation \(s=\frac{n}{p}\) was essentially left open, even in the classical setting. The present paper now covers this tricky limiting case with an astonishing outcome: let the auxiliary function \(\phi_u\) be defined by \[ \phi_u(t) = \frac1t \begin{cases} \left( \int_0^t \Psi(s)^{-u} \frac{\mathrm{d} s}{s} \right)^{1/u}, & 0<u<\infty,\\ \sup_{s\in (0,t)} \Psi(s)^{-1}, & u=\infty.\end{cases} \] Then for \(1<q\leq\infty\) and \(\left(\Psi(2^{-j})^{-1}\right)_{j\in\mathbb{N}}\in \ell_{q'}\), the result reads like \(\mathfrak{E}_{\mathsf{C}} ( B^{(n/p,\Psi)}_{p,q}) = ( \phi_{q'}(t),\infty)\), with the \(F\)-counterpart \(\mathfrak{E}_{\mathsf{C}} ( F^{(n/p,\Psi)}_{p,q}) = ( \phi_{p'}(t),\infty)\) if \(1<p<\infty\) and \(\left(\Psi(2^{-j})^{-1}\right)_{j\in\mathbb{N}}\in \ell_{p'}\). This case does not extend to the classical one \(\Psi\equiv 1\), unlike the second main theorem which covers the situations \(0<q\leq 1\) in the \(B\)-case and \(0<p\leq 1\) in the \(F\)-case: assuming that either \(\Psi\sim 1\) or \(\Psi\) is monotonically decreasing with \(\lim_{t\to 0^+} \Psi(t)=\infty\), then \[ \mathfrak{E}_{\mathsf{C}} ( B^{(n/p,\Psi)}_{p,q}) = \mathfrak{E}_{\mathsf{C}} ( F^{(n/p,\Psi)}_{p,q}) = ( \phi_\infty(t),\infty). \] What makes this result so striking is that it is the first known one where the corresponding indices are different from their `usual' value \(u_X=q\) (in the \(B\)-case) and \(u_X=p\) (in the \(F\)-case). At the end, the authors give some upper estimate for approximation numbers of the compact embedding \(B^{(n/p,\Psi)}_{p,q}(U) \hookrightarrow C(U)\) and a corresponding \(F\)-result, where \(U\) stands for the unit ball in \(\mathbb{R}^n\). This follows immediately from their envelope result.