Heat kernel characterisation of Besov-Lipschitz spaces on metric measure spaces (Q2655184)

There are several definitions of Besov-Lipschitz spaces on a measure space \((X,\mu)\). In this paper, the author investigate the spaces of Lip\((\alpha,p,q)(X)\), as defined in [\textit{A.\,Jonsson}, Math.\ Z.\ 222, No.\,3, 495--504 (1996; Zbl 0863.60079)]. Let \((X,\rho)\) be a locally compact, separable metric space and \(\mu\) be a Borel measure on \(X\) which is Ahlfors \(d\)-regular, that is, for all \(x\in X\) and for all \(r>0\), \(r<\text{diam\,}X\), \[ C_{1}r^{d}\leq \mu(B(x,r)) \leq C_{2}r^{d}, \] where \(d>0,C_{1}>0,C_{2}>0\) are constants. Suppose that \(\alpha >0\), \(p,q\in [ 1,\infty )\). Then Lip\((\alpha ,p,q)(X)\) is defined to be the collection of \(f\in L^{p}(X,\mu)\) such that \(\| f\| _{\alpha ,p,q}=\| (a_{m}^{(\alpha )}(f))\| _{l_{q}}<\infty\), where \[ a_{m}^{(\alpha )}(f)=2^{m\alpha } \left(2^{md}\iint_{\rho (x,y)\leq 2^{-m}}| f(x)-f(y)| ^{p}\,d\mu (x)\,d\mu (y)\right)^{\frac{1}{p}}. \] When \(p=\infty \) or \(q=\infty \), then the usual modifications are needed. The space Lip\((\alpha ,p,q)(X)\) is a Banach space with the norm \[ \| f\| _{\text{Lip}(\alpha ,p,q)}=\|f\| _{L^{p}}+\| f\| _{\alpha ,p,q}. \] In this paper, it is assumed that there exists a symmetric Markovian kernel \(\left\{ P(t,x,y) \right\} _{t>0}\) on \(X\). There is also the assumption that \[ \frac{C_{1}}{t^{\frac{d}{d_{\omega }}}}e^{-C_{2}(\frac{\rho (x,y)}{t^{1/d_{\omega}}})^{\frac{d_{\omega}}{d_{\omega }-1}}}\leq P(t,x,y)\leq \frac{C_{3}}{t^{\frac{d}{d_{\omega }}}}e^{-C_{4}(\frac{\rho (x,y)}{t^{1/d_{\omega }}})^{\frac{d_{\omega }}{d_{\omega }-1}}}. \] The parameter \(d_{\omega }\) is called the walk dimension of \(X\). Theorem 3.1 and Theorem 3.2 are the main parts of this paper. In Theorem 3.1, it is proved that if \(\alpha >0\) and \(p,q\in [ 1,\infty)\), then \(f\in \text{Lip}(\alpha ,p,q)(X)\) if and only if \[ f\in L^{p}(X,\mu) ,\tag{1} \] \[ I^{(\alpha )}(f) =\int_{0}^{1}\frac{1}{t^{\frac{\alpha q}{d_{\omega }}}} \left(\int_{X}\int_{X}| f(x)-f(y)| ^{p}P(t,x,y)\,d\mu (x)\,d\mu (y) \right)^{\frac{q}{p}}\frac{dt}{t}<\infty. \tag{2} \] Moreover, \[ \| f\| _{\text{Lip}(\alpha ,p,q)}\asymp \|f\| _{L^{p}}+(I^{(\alpha )}(f))^{\frac{1}{q}}. \] In Theorem 3.2, these results are extended to the case \(q=\infty\). It is proved that if \(\alpha >0\), \(p\geq 1,f\in L^{p}(X,\mu)\) and \(a_{m}^{(\alpha)}(f)\) is defined as before, then \(\sup_{m>0} a_{m}^{(\alpha )}(f)\) is finite if and only if \[ \sup_{t\in (0,1)} \frac{1}{t^{\frac{p\alpha }{d_{\omega }}}}\int_{X}\int_{X}| f(x) -f(y)| ^{p}P(t,x,y)\,d\mu (x) \,d\mu (y)<\infty . \] Moreover, \[ \| (a_{m}^{(\alpha )}(f)) \| _{l_{\infty }}\asymp \| f\| _{L^{p}}+\sup_{t>0} \frac{1}{t^{\frac{p\alpha }{d_{\omega }}}} \int_{X}\int_{X}| f(x)-f(y)| ^{p}P(t,x,y)\,d\mu (x)\,d\mu (y). \] At the end of this paper, some consequences of these two theorems are given.