On the behavior of the solutions for linear autonomous mixed type difference equation (Q2657334)

The main aim of this paper is to investigate the stability behaviour of the solutions of the linear difference equation of mixed type \[ \Delta x(n) = \sum_{i=1}^{l} p_i x(n-i) +\sum_{j=1}^{m} q_j x(n + j), \qquad \left(n = 0, 1, 2, \ldots \right),\tag{1} \] where \(p_i\) for \(i = 1, 2,\ldots, l\), \(q_j\) for \(j = 1, 2, \ldots, m\) are real numbers, and \(l, m\) are positive integers and \(\Delta \) is the forward operator defined by \[ \Delta x(n) = x(n + 1) - x(n). \] The results of the authors are obtained via an appropriate positive real root of the corresponding characteristic equation. The main result of the paper is Theorem 1.1 that can be summarized as follows. Let \(\lambda_{0}\) be a positive real root of the characteristic equation \[ 1 = \lambda - \sum_{i=1}^{l}p_i\lambda^{-i} -\sum_{j=1}^{m} q_j\lambda^{j} \] having Property A, that is, \[ \mu(\lambda_{0}) = \left\{ \sum_{i=1}^{l}i|p_{i}|\lambda_{0}^{-i}+\sum_{j=1}^{m}j|q_{j}|\lambda_{0}^{j} \right\} <1 \] Then, the trivial solution of equation (1) is: \begin{itemize} \item[(i)] uniformly stable if \(\lambda_0 = 1\) or, equivalently, if \[ \sum_{i=1}^{l}p_{i}+\sum_{j=1}^{m}q_{j}=0 \qquad \text{and} \qquad \sum_{i=1}^{l}i|p_{i}|+\sum_{j=1}^{m}j|q_{j}|<1, \] \item[(ii)] uniformly asymptotically stable if \(\lambda_{0} < 1\), \item[(iii)] unstable if \(\lambda_{0} > 1\). \end{itemize}