The Gröbner fan of the Hilbert scheme (Q2658534)

The Hilbert scheme \(\mathrm{Hilb}^n_{p(t)}\) parametrizes closed subschemes \(X \subset \mathbb P^n_k\) with Hilbert polynomial \(p(t)\), and hence the corresponding graded ideals in \(J \subset k[x_0, \dots, x_n]\). Algebraists study the geometry of the Hilbert scheme through special ideals, such as Borel-fixed ideals. For example, \textit{A. Reeves} and \textit{M. Stillman} showed that the Hilbert scheme is smooth at a lexicographic point [J. Algebr. Geom. 6, 235--246 (1997; Zbl 0924.14004)]. \textit{P. Lella} and \textit{M. Roggero} showed that smoothness of the Hilbert scheme at certain ideals implies that the component on which they lie is rational [Rend. Semin. Mat. Univ. Padova 126, 11--45 (2011; Zbl 1236.14006)]. Recently \textit{A. P. Staal} showed that with an appropriate probability measure, more than half of all Hilbert schemes are smooth and irreducible [Math. Z. 296, 1593--1611 (2020; Zbl 1451.14010)]. Here the authors say two saturated Borel-fixed ideals \(J,J^\prime\) defining points in \(\mathrm{Hilb}^n_{p(t)}\) are \textit{Borel-adjacent} if for \(r \gg 0\), the respective monomial bases \(F, F^\prime\) of \(J_r, J_r^\prime\) have the property that the sets \(F \setminus F^\prime\) and \(F^\prime \setminus F\) have the same linear syzygies. The authors prove that in this case there is a rational curve on \(\mathbf{Hilb}^n_{p(t)}\) passing through the corresponding points, so that \(J, J^\prime\) lie on the same component. They then form the Borel Graph of \(\mathrm{Hilb}^n_{p(t)}\) by taking the vertices to be Borel-fixed ideals with edges between the Borel-adjacent ideals. This graph is a subgraph of the \(T\)-graph introduced by \textit{K. Altmann} and \textit{B. Sturmfels} [J. Pure Appl. Algebra 201, 250--263 (2005; Zbl 1088.13012)]. Each term order induces an orientation of the Borel graph, the corresponding directed graphs are called degeneration graphs, which the authors classify by means of a polyhedral fan called the Gröbner fan associated to \(\mathbf{Hilb}^n_{p(t)}\). Constructing minimal spanning trees for some of these degeneration graphs, the authors recover the connectedness theorem of \textit{R. Hartshorne} [Publ. Math., Inst. Hautes Étud. Sci. 29, 5--48 (1966; Zbl 0171.41502)]. Furthermore, they conjecture that the number of irreducible components of \(\mathrm{Hilb}^n_{p(t)}\) is at least the maximum number of vertices with no incoming edge in any degeneration graph. The paper has many helpful examples and pictures.