On the characterization of the space of derivations in evolution algebras (Q2658542)

The paper studies the space of derivations of some finite dimensional evolution \({\mathbb K}\)-algebras with \(\hbox{char}({\mathbb K})=0\). In Proposition 1, the authors establish how are the entries in the matrix of a derivation depending of some conditions over the first-generation descendants. They define an equivalence relation among the indices labeling a given natural basis \(B\) by using the first generation descendants. This relation can be visualized easily in the directed graph associated to the finite dimensional evolution \({\mathbb K}\)-algebra. Two related indices modulo this relation are called twins relative to \(B\). An evolution \(\mathbb K\)-algebra is said to be twin-free relative to a given natural basis \(B\) if it has no twins relative to \(B\). They show, in Theorem 1, that all the derivations of a twin-free irreducible non-degenerate \(n\)-dimensional evolution \(\mathbb K\)-algebra are null. If \(B=\{e_i\}_{i\in \Lambda}\) is a natural basis, the twin relation allows to give a partition of \(\Lambda=\sqcup {\mathcal T}_j\). Then, in Theorem 2, the authors prove that for a non-degenerate \(n\)-dimensional evolution \(\mathbb K\)-algebra any derivation has a matrix representation (relative to \(B\)) as a block diagonal matrix \(\hbox{diag}(A_1,\ldots, A_k)\), where \(A_j\) is a square matrix of order \(\vert\mathcal T_j\vert\). In Section 2, the null entries in the matrix representation of a derivation when restricted to a twin class are identified. These results and the associated directed graph are used for computing the derivations of any non-degenerate irreducible evolution \(\mathbb K\)-algebra of dimension three.