Classification and evolution of bifurcation curves for a porous-medium combustion problem with large activation energy (Q2658860)

In this paper, the authors study the classification and evolution of bifurcation curves for the porous-medium combustion problem \[ u''(x)+\lambda\frac{1+au}{1+e^{d(1-u)}} =0, \ x\in(-1,1), \ \ u(-1)=u(1)=0, \] where \(u\) is the solid temperature, parameters \(\lambda>0,a\geq 0\), and the activation energy parameter \(d>0\) is large. They mainly prove that, on the \((\lambda,\|u\|_\infty)-\) plane, the bifurcation curve is \(S\)-shaped with exactly two turning points for any \((d, a)\in \Omega\equiv\{(d, a) : (0 < d < d_1, a\geq A_1(d))\ \text{or}\ (d\geq d_1, a \geq0)\}\) for some positive number \(d_1\approx2.225\) and a nonnegative, strictly decreasing function \(A_1(d)\) defined on \((0, d_1]\). Furthermore, for any \((d, a)\in \Omega\), the authors give a classification and evolution of totally four different \(S\)-shaped bifurcation curves. In addition, for any \(d > 0\) and \(a\geq \tilde{a}\approx1.704\) for some positive \(\tilde{a}\), then the bifurcation curve \(S\) is \(4S\)-shaped on the \((\lambda,\|u\|_\infty)-\) plane.