On existence of extremizers for the Tomas-Stein inequality for \(S^{1}\) (Q265908)

The author studies the existence of extremizers for the inequality \(\|\widehat{f\sigma}\|_{L^6(\mathbb R^2)}\leq \mathcal R\|f\|_{L^2(S^1,\sigma)}\) due to Tomas and Stein, where \(\mathcal R=\sup\{ \|\widehat{g\sigma}\|_{L^6(\mathbb R^2)}:\|g\|_{L^2(S^1,\sigma)}=1\}\). It is shown that there exists an extremal function for the inequality, meaning that \(\|\widehat{f\sigma}\|_{L^6(\mathbb R^2)}= \mathcal R\|f\|_{L^2(S^1,\sigma)}\) and the fact that all the extremizers satisfy the symmetry condition \(|f(-x)|=|f(x)|\) for almost every \(x\in S^1\). Similar results for the adjoint Fourier restriction inequality for the sphere \(S^2\) where shown by \textit{M. Christ} and \textit{S. Shao} [Anal. PDE 5, No. 2, 261--312 (2012; Zbl 1273.42009)]. The results are proved following the framework designed in the just mentioned paper, first obtaining a nonnegative extremizing sequence which is ``even upper normalized'' with respect to a sequence of caps and then developing a profile decomposition for the adjoint sphere restriction operator. The analysis in the paper can be viewed as a manifestation of the concentration-compactness approach developed by Lions, but adapted to the nonlocal characteristics of the adjoint Fourier restriction operator.