The Arnon bases in the Steenrod algebra (Q2662075)

Let \(\mathcal{A}= \mathcal{A}_p\) denote the mod \(p\) Steenrod algebra where \(p\) is a fixed prime. Then \(\mathcal{A}\) is a connected Hopf algebra and as such admits a unique antiautomorphism \(\chi\). To serve different purposes, a number of bases have been discovered for \(\mathcal{A}\). The subalgebra \(\mathcal{A}'\) of \(\mathcal{A}\) at odd primes generated by the \(\mathcal{P}^{i}, \; i\geq 1\), is a Hopf algebra. Milnor constructed finite Hopf subalgebras, \(\mathcal{A}(n-1), \; n \geq 1\), of \(\mathcal{A}'\) which are generated by \(\mathcal{P}^{p^i}, \; 0 \leq i\geq n-1\), by dualising certain quotient algebras of the dual algebra \({\mathcal{A}'}^*\) of \(\mathcal{A}'\). The question of whether it is possible to write a basis of \(\mathcal{A}\) which restricts to a basis for \(\mathcal{A}(n-1)\) was first broached by \textit{C. T. C. Wall} [Ann. Math. (2) 72, 429--444 (1960; Zbl 0137.16603)], who constructed a basis for the mod \(2\) Steenrod algebra which, later, was rediscovered by \textit{D. Arnon} [J. Pure Appl. Algebra 96, No. 3, 215--223 (1994; Zbl 0840.55012)] as a \(Z\)-basis. In addition Arnon introduced two other bases for the mod \(2\) Steenrod algebra, an \(X\)-basis and a \(C\)-basis. \textit{D. Yu. Emelyanov} and \textit{Th. Yu. Popelensky} [J. Fixed Point Theory Appl. 17, No. 2, 341--353 (2015; Zbl 1326.55017)] generalised the \(X\)- and \(Z\)-bases to the subalgebra \(\mathcal{A}'\) of the mod \(p\) Steenrod algebra. In this article the authors study the \(X\)- and \(Z\)-bases to the subalgebra \(\mathcal{A}'\) and show that they restrict to give bases for \(\mathcal{A}(n-1)\). Furthermore, using \(\chi\), they give a relationship between these bases.