Spatial propagation in nonlocal dispersal Fisher-KPP equations (Q2662505)

In this paper, the authors studied the three topics on the spreading speeds of nonlocal dispersal Fisher-KPP equations: identifying the signs of spreading speeds, improving the proof of the spreading speed result and studying the relationship between spreading speed and exponentially decaying initial data. For the first topic, \textit{J. Coville} et al. [J. Differ. Equations 244, No. 12, 3080--3118 (2008; Zbl 1148.45011)] have shown that asymmetric kernels may induce nonpositive minimal wave speed which always coincides with spreading speed in the Fisher-KPP case. However, they did not point out when the minimal wave speed is nonpositive. The authors of this paper showed that asymmetric dispersal influences the signs of spreading speeds, and further influences the spatial dynamics in three aspects: it can determine the spatial propagation directions of solutions, influence the stability of equilibrium states, and affect the monotone property of solutions. For the second topic, \textit{F. Lutscher} et al. [SIAM J. Appl. Math. 65, No. 4, 1305--1327 (2005; Zbl 1068.92002)] have proved the spreading speed result by constructing an innovative lower solution. However, in the construction of this lower solution, they needed to make some technical requirements on kernel function \(k\). Without any additional assumptions, the authors of this paper constructed two new lower solutions, and then applied the ``forward-backward spreading'' method to improve the proof of spreading speed result and further obtained a property about the spatial propagation of solutions. For the third topic, it is well-known in the reaction-diffusion equations that the decay behavior to zero of the initial data influences the spreading speed. When the initial datum decays slower than any exponentially decaying function or the kernel is ``fat-tailed'', the propagation accelerates. The authors of this paper investigated the relationship between spreading speed and exponentially decaying initial data, and showed that when dispersal is symmetric, spreading speed decreases along with the increase of the exponential decay rate.