Index of rigidity of differential equations and Euler characteristic of their spectral curves (Q2662728)

The aim of this paper is to present a numerical comparison between cohomology groups of a differential equation with irregular singularities on a Riemann surface and those of associated spectral curve. The author shows a coincidence of index of rigidity of differential equations with irregular singularities on a compact Riemann surface and Euler characteristic of the associated spectral curves which are recently called irregular spectral curves. Also he presents a comparison of local invariants, so called Milnor formula which links the Komatsu-Malgrange irregularity of differential equations and Milnor number of the spectral curves. This paper is organized as follows: Section 1, deals with spectral curves of differential equations. Section 2, deals with Local formal theory on differential equations. In this section, the author recalls the Hukuhara-Turrittin-Levelt theory on local structure of differential equations and the notion of irregularity introduced by \textit{H. Komatsu} [J. Fac. Sci., Univ. Tokyo, Sect. I A 18, 379--398 (1971; Zbl 0232.34026)] and \textit{B. Malgrange} [Lect. Notes Math. 712, 77--86 (1979; Zbl 0423.32014)]. Section 3, deals with Local comparison: Milnor formula. Here the author deals with a local differential module and define its characteristic polynomial with respect to a fixed basis. The zero locus of this characteristic polynomial may have a singularity at infinity which corresponds to the irregular singularity of the differential module. He compares these singularities and obtain a comparison formula between the irregularity of differential module and the Milnor number of the characteristic polynomial. Section 4, deals with global comparison: Euler characteristics. The author shows the matching of the index of rigidity of a differential equation and the Euler characteristic of the corresponding spectral curve.