On Sturmian substitutions closed under derivation (Q2663049)

According to a classic result by \textit{F. Durand} [Discrete Math. 179, No. 1--3, 89--101 (1998; Zbl 0895.68087)], if an infinite word \(\mathbf u\) is a fixed point of a primitive substitution, so is its derived word \(\mathbf d_{\mathbf u}(w)\) with respect to any prefix \(w\) of \(\mathbf u\). If, instead of a prefix, \(w\) can be taken as any factor of \(\mathbf u\), this property becomes rare. So the authors introduce a new definition and say that a primitive substitution \(\xi\) is closeable under derivation if \(\xi\) belongs to a set \(M\) of primitive substitutions such that the derived word \(\mathbf d_{\mathbf u}(w)\) with respect to any factor \(w\) of any fixed point \(\mathbf u\) of a substitution from \(M\) is fixed by another primitive substitution from \(M\). The main result of the paper gives two characterisations of Sturmian substitutions closeable under derivation. The first characterisation is stated in terms of four elementary Sturmian morphisms: a Sturmian substitution is closeable under derivation if and only if it belongs to a submonoid generated by any two of these morphisms and has an infinite fixed point. The second one is stated in terms of the slope \(\gamma\) and intercept \(\rho\) of the Sturmian fixed point of a substitution \(\varphi\): \(\varphi\) is closeable under derivation if and only if \(\rho \in \{0,\gamma,1-\gamma,1\}\).