Pseudo solutions, rotation sets, and shadowing rotations for monotone recurrence relations (Q2663100)

The authors focus on rotation sets for monotone recurrence relations, whose solutions in some cases correspond to orbits of maps on the high-dimensional cylinder. They study more general monotone recurrence relations rotation sets for solutions with bounded action. Let \(k,l\in \mathbb{N}\) and \(\Delta:\mathbb{R}^{k+l+1}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}\) be continuous. The authors take into account the solutions of the equation \[ \Delta(x_{n-k},\dots,x_n,\dots,x_{n+k})=0,\ \text{for} \ n\in \mathbb{Z}. \tag{1} \] Define the rotation interval of \(\textbf{x} =(x_n)\in\mathbb{R}^{n}\) by \[\rho(\textbf{x}) = [\lim\inf_{n\rightarrow \infty} x_n/n, \lim\sup_{n\rightarrow \infty} x_n/n]. \] It is proved that the rotation set \(\rho(\Delta)\) of the equation (1) is closed. Moreover, for each \(\rho\in \rho(\Delta)\), the authors prove there exists a Birkhoff solution of (1) with rotation number \(\rho\). Let \(\widetilde{S} = \{\textbf{x} | \textbf{x}\ \text{is a solution of (1) with bounded action}\}\) and \(S=\widetilde{S}/\langle\textbf{1}\rangle\), where \textbf{1} denotes the configuration with all components being one. If there exists \(\textbf{y}\in S\) such that \(\rho(\textbf{y})\) is not a single point, the shift map \(\sigma\) on \(S\) has positive topological entropy. Orbits shadowing different rotation numbers are constructed. Then, the authors define an \(\alpha\)-pseudo solution of the equation (1) and define its rotation interval as solutions of (1).