On geometric estimates for univalent functions (Q2663150)

The authors address the classical problem of getting analytic properties of conformal maps \(\varphi\) of the unit disk in terms of appropriate quantities associated with its image domain \(\Omega=\varphi(\mathbb{D}).\) Some remarkable known results in this direction are for example the Koebe distortion theorem, which provides bounds for \((1-|z|^2)|\varphi'(z)|\) in terms of the distance \(d(\varphi(z),\partial\Omega),\) the Carathéodory theorem, which gives a sufficient condition for \(\varphi\) to have a continuous and univalent extension to \(\overline{\mathbb{D}},\) the Gehring-Hayman theorem, which establishes the existence of an absolute constant \(K\) such that if \(z_1,z_2\in\mathbb{D}\) and \(S\) is the non-euclidean segment joining \(z_1\) to \(z_2,\) then \(\ell(\varphi(S))\leq K\ell(\varphi(\gamma)),\) for all curve \(\gamma\subset\mathbb{D}\) with endpoints \(z_1,z_2.\) Here \(\ell\) denotes the Euclidean length. Returning to the paper under review, in the first result the authors provide a bound for the angular limit of \(|\varphi'(\xi)|,\) \(\xi\in\partial\mathbb{D}.\) The significance of the result is that the bound is given in terms of constants depending only on geometric properties of \(\Omega.\) The conditions given imply that, for example, the domain \(\Omega\) cannot have external cusps. The result obtained provides a sufficient condition on the geometry of \(\Omega\) that guarantees that \(\varphi'\) is bounded in \(\overline{\mathbb{D}}.\) The second result of the paper is closely related to the Koebe distortion theorem; it gives an upper bound for the distance \(d(\varphi(z),\varphi(A)),\) \(z\in \mathbb{D}\) and \(A\subset\partial\mathbb{D},\) in terms of the quantity \((1-|z|^2)|\varphi'(z)|.\) It is interesting that one of the estimates given in the Koebe distortion theorem is recovered as a particular case. Finally, lower and upper bounds of the curvature of \(\varphi(-1,1)\) are obtained. Similar to the previous results, the bounds are given in terms of geometric properties. It is highlighted that in the presented results, the required conditions on \(\varphi(\mathbb{D})\) are not so strong.