On cobordism maps on periodic Floer homology (Q2664172)

If \(\pi:Y\to S^1\) is a 3-dimensional fibration over \(S^1\), \(\omega\) is a fiberwise nondegenerate closed 2-form on \(Y\), \(R\) is the Reeb vector field, and \(\varphi_t\) is the flow generated by \(R\) starting at \(\pi^{-1}(0)\) for a basepoint \(0\in S^1\) with \(\varphi_\omega=\varphi_1\), then \(Y\) can be identified with a mapping torus \(\Sigma_{\varphi_\omega}\) via the diffeomorphism \(F:\pi^{-1}(t)\to\mathbb{R}\times\Sigma\), \(x\mapsto(t,\varphi^{-1}_t(x))\), where \(\Sigma=\pi^{-1}(0)\) and the mapping torus \(\Sigma_{\varphi_\omega}\) is defined by \(\Sigma_{\varphi_\omega}=\mathbb{R}\times\Sigma/(t+2\pi,x)\sim(t,\varphi_\omega(x))\). The closed integral curves of \(R\) are called periodic orbits. A fiberwise nondegenerate closed 2-form \(\omega\in\Omega^2(Y)\) on \(Y\) is called admissible. For \(Q > 0\), an admissible 2-form \(\omega\) is called \(Q\)-admissible if all the periodic orbits of \(\varphi_\omega\) with degree less than \(Q\) are nondegenerate. If \((Y_+,\pi_+,\omega_+)\) and \((Y_-,\pi_-,\omega_-)\) are surface fibrations over \(S^1\) together with admissible 2-forms, then a symplectic manifold \((X,\Omega_X)\) such that \(\partial X=Y_+\sqcup(-Y_-)\) and \(\Omega_{X}|_{Y_{\pm}}=\omega_{\pm}\) is called a symplectic cobordism from \((Y_+,\pi_+,\omega_+)\) to \((Y_-,\pi_-,\omega_-)\). If \(\pi:Y\to S^1\) is a fibered 3-manifold together with an admissible 2-form \(\omega\), then an almost complex structure \(J\) on \(\mathbb{R}\times Y\) is called symplectization-admissible if \(J\) satisfies the following properties (i) \(J\) is compatible with \(\Omega=\omega+ds\wedge\pi^*dt\), (ii) \(J\) is \(\mathbb{R}\)-invariant, and (iii) \(J\) maps \(\ker\pi_*\) to \(\ker\pi_*\), and the space of symplectization-admissible almost complex structures is denoted by \(\mathcal{J}_{\text{comp}}(Y,\pi,\omega)\). If an almost complex structure \(J\) on \(\overline X\) is adapted to fibration, that is, there exist almost complex structures \(J_\pm\in\mathcal{J}_{\text{comp}}(Y_\pm,\pi_\pm,\omega_\pm)\) satisfying certain conditions, then \(\mathcal{J}_{\text{tame}}(Y,\pi_X,\omega_X)\) is the space of almost complex structures adapted to the fibration. In this paper, the author investigates the cobordism maps on periodic Floer homology (PFH). If \(\pi:Y\to S^1\) is a 3-dimensional fibration over \(S^1\) together with a \(Q\)-admissible 2-form \(\omega\) on \(Y\), \(\Gamma_{\pm}\in H_1(Y_{\pm},\mathbb{Z})\) are homology classes satisfying \(g(\Sigma)<\Gamma_{\pm}\cdot[\Sigma]\), \(J\) is a generic symplectization-admissible almost complex structure on \(\mathbb{R}\times Y\), and \(\Lambda_P\) is an \([\omega]\)-complete local coefficient system, then the periodic Floer homology \(H\!P_*(Y,\omega,\Gamma,J,\Lambda_P)\) is defined by the chain complex of a module freely generated by admissible orbit sets with homology class \(\Gamma\) and the differential defined by counting holomorphic currents. First, the author defines the cobordism maps \(H\!P_{\text{SW}}\) on periodic Floer homology for the general case. The subscript ``\text{SW}'' is used to emphasize that they are defined by Seiberg-Witten theory. It is shown that if \((Y_+,\pi_+)\) and \((Y_-,\pi_-)\) are fibered 3-manifolds together with \(Q\)-admissible 2-forms \(\omega_+\) and \(\omega_-\), respectively, the fibers of \(Y_+\), \(Y_-\) and \(X\) are denoted by \(\Sigma\), the fixed homology classes \(\Gamma_{\pm}\in H_1(Y_{\pm},\mathbb{Z})\) satisfy \(g(\Sigma)<\Gamma_{\pm}\cdot[\Sigma]\), \((X,\Omega_X)\) is a symplectic cobordism from \((Y_+,\pi_+,\omega_+)\) to \((Y_-,\pi_-,\omega_-)\), \(\Lambda^\pm_P\) is \([\omega_\pm]\)-complete local coefficient systems for the periodic Floer homology, and \(\Lambda_X\) is an \(X\)-morphism between \(\Lambda_P^+\) and \(\Lambda^-_P\), then \((X,\Omega_X)\) induces a module homomorphism \[ H\!P_{\text{SW}}(X,\Omega_X,\Lambda_X): H\!P_*(Y_+,\omega_+,\Gamma_+,\Lambda^+_P)\to H\!P_*(Y_-,\omega_-,\Gamma_-,\Lambda^-_P) \] with the natural decomposition \[ H\!P_{\text{SW}}(X,\Omega_X,\Lambda_X)=\sum\limits_{\substack{\Gamma_X\in H_2(X,\partial X,\mathbb{Z})\\ \partial_{Y_{\pm}}\Gamma_X=\Gamma_\pm}}H\!P_{\text{SW}}(X,\Omega_X,\Gamma_X,\Lambda_X).\tag{\(*\)} \] Moreover, the homomorphism satisfies the so-called holomorphic curve axiom, stating that if \(J\in\mathcal{J}_{\text{comp}}(X,\omega_X)\) is a cobordism-admissible almost complex structure such that \(J_\pm=J|_{\mathbb{R}_\pm\times Y_{\pm}}\) are generic, then there is a chain map \[ C\!P_{\text{SW}}(X,\Omega_X,J,\Lambda_X): C\!P_*(Y_+,\omega_+,\Gamma_+,J,\Lambda^+_P)\to C\!P_*(Y_-,\omega_-,\Gamma_-,J,\Lambda^-_P). \] Next, the author gives a Seiberg-Witten-free definition of cobordism maps by showing that if \((X,\pi_X\Omega_X)\) is a fiberwise symplectic cobordism from \((Y_+,\pi_+,\omega_+)\) to \((Y_-,\pi_-,\omega_-)\) satisfying some special conditions, then for a generic \(J\in\mathcal{J}_{\text{tame}}(X,\Omega_X,J,\Lambda_X)\), it induces a module homomorphism \[ H\!P_{\text{SW}}(X,\Omega_X,J,\Lambda_X): H\!P_*(Y_+,\omega_+,\Gamma_+,J_+,\Lambda^+_P)\to H\!P_*(Y_-,\omega_-,\Gamma_-,J_-,\Lambda^-_P) \] with the natural decomposition \((*)\). Finally, the author gives an alternative definition of cobordism maps by using holomorphic curves, provided that the symplectic cobordisms are Lefschetz fibrations satisfying certain conditions. Under certain additional monotonicity assumptions, it is shown that these two definitions are equivalent, namely \(H\!P(X,\Omega_X,\Gamma_X,J,\Lambda_X)=H\!P_{\text{SW}}(X,\Omega_X,\Gamma_X,J,\Lambda_X)\).