Characterizing nilpotent Leibniz algebras by their multiplier (Q2664488)

A well-known problem in Lie algebra is the characterization of Lie algebras using the non-negative integer \(t(L)=\frac{1}{2}n(n-1)-\dim H_2(L)\), in which \(L\) is an \(n\)-dimensional Lie algebra and \(H_2(L)\) denotes the second homology of \(L\) (also known as the Schur multiplier of \(L\)). There are several works by Ernest Stitzinger and his students from 1996 onwards where it is characterized Lie algebras with \(t(L)\leq 8\). Now, let \(L\) be a finite dimensional Leibniz algebra and \(HL_2(L)\) be the second homology of \(L\). It is known that \(HL_2(L)\cong (R\cap F^2)/[R,F]\) where \(0\to R\to F\to L\to 0\) is a free presentation of \(L\), \(F^2\) is the derived subalgebra of \(F\) and \([R,F]=\langle [x,y],[y,x]|\ x\in R, y\in F\rangle\). Since \(\dim HL_2(L)\leq (\dim L)^2\), so similar to the Lie case \[t(L)=(\dim L)^2 - \dim HL_2(L)\] is a non-negative integer. It is easy to see that \(L\) is abelian if and only if \(t(L) = 0\). It is also proved that there is no nilpotent Leibniz algebra with \(t(L) = 1,2\). In the paper under review, in a detailed and precise manner, it is characterized all finite dimensional nilpotent (complex) Leibniz algebras with \(t(L)\leq 12\).