Enriched set-valued \(P\)-partitions and shifted stable Grothendieck polynomials (Q2664665)

It is well-established that Schur functions are related to the cohomology of Grassmannians. They can be seen as particular cases of Schubert polynomials, which describe the cohomology of flag varieties. Moreover, Schubert polynomials are generalized by Grothendieck polynomials which are defined via \(K\)-theory rather than cohomology. While semi-standard tableaux give a combinatorial description of Schur functions, \textit{A. S. Buch} [Acta Math. 189, No. 1, 37--78 (2002; Zbl 1090.14015)] has shown that set-valued tableaux give a combinatorial description of (stable) Grothendieck polynomials. This idea of considering set-valued (rather than integer valued) objects was further extended to the theory of P-partition by \textit{T. Lam} and \textit{P. Pylyavskyy} [Int. Math. Res. Not. 2007, No. 24, Article ID rnm125, 48 p. (2007; Zbl 1134.16017)]. The main goal of the present work is to give an ``enriched'' analog of their results, which means that the underlying combinatorics is similar to that appearing in the theory of Schur \(P\)- and \(Q\)-functions (where two copies of \(\mathbb{N}\) are used as labels in the combinatorial objects). This is motivated by \textit{J. R. Stembridge}'s theory of enriched \(P\)-partitions [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 349, No. 2, 763--788 (1997; Zbl 0863.06005)]. The authors consider the generating functions of their enriched set-valued \(P\)-partitions (in the same way as Schur functions can be seen as generating functions of semi-standard tableaux). What they obtain are symmetric functions that in some sense generalize \textit{T. Ikeda} and \textit{H. Naruse}'s shifted stable Grothendieck polynomials [Adv. Math. 243, 22--66 (2013; Zbl 1278.05240)]. Along the way, they consider various related Hopf algebras, such as an algebra of labeled posets and some subalgebras of quasisymmetric functions.