Generic pointed quartic curves in \({\mathbb{R}}{\mathbb{P}}^2\) and uninodal dessins (Q2664690)

The author classifies generic pointed quadric curves \((A,p)\) in the real projective plane \(\mathbb{RP}^2,\) up to rigid isotopy. The rigid isotopy classification was first obtained by \textit{S. Rieken} in [Geom. Dedicata 185, 171--203 (2016; Zbl 1375.14198)], by studying the relation between quartic curves and Del Pezzo Surfaces. In the present work, the author studies instead the combinatorial properties of \textit{dessins}, in the real version proposed by \textit{S. Yu. Orevkov} in [Ann. Fac. Sci. Toulouse, Math. (6) 12, No. 4, 517--531 (2003; Zbl 1078.14083)]. The rigid isotopy classification contains 20 classes and it is determined by the number of ovals of the curve \(A\), the parity of the oval containing the point \(p\), the number of ovals that the tangent line \(T_pA\) intersects, the number of connected components of \(A\backslash T_pA\), and in the maximal case, on the convexity of the position of the connected components of \(A\backslash T_pA.\) Specifically, the author uses a correspondence between generic pointed quartic curves and uninodal dessins in the disc \(\mathbf{D}^2.\) This correspondence makes use of real proper trigonal curves on the Hirzebruch surface \(\Sigma_2.\) Given a quadric curve \(A\) in \(\mathbb{RP}^2\) with marked point \(p,\) the corresponding proper trigonal curve is defined as Nagata transformation of a trigonal curve on \(\Sigma_1\cong \operatorname{Bl}_p(\mathbb{CP}^2)\) which is the strict transform of \(\mathbb{C}A.\)