Nonuniform dichotomic behavior: Lipschitz invariant manifolds for difference equations (Q266497)

The study of invariant manifolds plays a key role in the qualitative theory of dynamical systems. Usually, hyperbolicity is the tool used to establish the existence of stable, unstable and center invariant manifolds for perturbations of linear systems. In the study of difference and differential equations, hyperbolicity is seldom given by the existence of a uniform exponential dichotomy, notion that goes back to the work of \textit{O. Perron} [Math. Z. 32, 703--728 (1930; JFM 56.1040.01)]. Especially in the nonautonomous setting, the concept of uniform exponential dichotomy is too restrictive and it is important to look for more general hyperbolic behavior. Two different perspectives can be identified as ways to generalize the concept of uniform exponential dichotomy: on the one hand, one can consider growth rates that are not necessarily exponential and on the other hand, one can also define dichotomies that depend on the initial time and therefore are nonuniform. The authors obtain global and local theorems on the existence of invariant manifolds for perturbations of nonautonomous linear difference equations assuming a rather general form of dichotomic behavior for the linear equation. The achieved results involve also those cases where the behavior is far from hyperbolic. In the fourth section of the paper, the authors give several new examples and they also show that their results include as particular cases several previously known theorems.