Involutive moving frames. II: The Lie-Tresse theorem (Q2665763)

This paper, together with part I, see [the author, ibid. 69, Article ID 101603, 33 p. (2020; Zbl 1437.58004)], presents an approach to computing differential invariants. The author considers an analytic Lie pseudogroup action on a manifold, and asks to find the differential invariants of its action on submanifolds of that manifold. On the bundle of jets of diffeomorphisms, canonical differential forms vanish just on the jets of a diffeomorphism of the manifold. That bundle contains a submanifold of jets of the pseudogroup elements. To study the action of the pseudogroup on submanifolds, form the bundle of submanifold jets. The jets of pseudogroup diffeomorphisms act on submanifold jets; each has a source jet and a target jet in the submanifold jets. Imagine that we can normalize the target jet somewhat using the pseudogroup action, and then ask whether we can use such a normalization to produce a system of partial differential equations in the remaining degrees of freedom to characterize equivalent submanifolds. After this normalization, the canonical differential forms are subject to some linear relations, which the author shows, under some hypotheses, generate the differential invariants. He computes an example: first order scalar partial differential equations in the plane, under point transformations.