Planar, outerplanar, and toroidal graphs of the generalized zero-divisor graph of commutative rings (Q2666417)

Summary: Let \(\mathscr{A}\) be a commutative ring with unity and let set of all zero divisors of \(\mathscr{A}\) be denoted by \(\mathscr{Z}(\mathscr{A})\). An ideal \(\mathscr{I}\) of the ring \(\mathscr{A}\) is said to be essential if it has a nonzero intersection with every nonzero ideal of \(\mathscr{A}\). It is denoted by \(\mathscr{I} \leq_e\mathscr{A}\). The generalized zero-divisor graph denoted by \(\Gamma_g(\mathscr{A})\) is an undirected graph with vertex set \(\mathscr{Z} (\mathscr{A})^\ast\) (set of all nonzero zero-divisors of \(\mathscr{A}\)) and two distinct vertices \(\mathfrak{x}_1\) and \(\mathfrak{x}_2\) are adjacent if and only if \(\mathrm{ann}(\mathfrak{x}_1)+\mathrm{ann}( \mathfrak{x}_2) \leq_e\mathscr{A}\). In this paper, first we characterized all the finite commutative rings \(\mathscr{A}\) for which \(\Gamma_g( \mathscr{A})\) is isomorphic to some well-known graphs. Then, we classify all the finite commutative rings \(\mathscr{A}\) for which \(\Gamma_g(\mathscr{A})\) is planar, outerplanar, or toroidal. Finally, we discuss about the domination number of \(\Gamma_g(\mathscr{A})\).