Solving polynomials with ordinary differential equations (Q2666929)

The authors consider a polynomial equation \(P(x)=R(x)-q,\) where \(R(x)\) is a monic degree \(n\) real polynomial satisfying \(R(0)=0,\) \(R'(0) \neq 0,\) and \(q\) is any real number. The main goal of the paper is finding a local explicit expression for the analytic solution \(x=x(q)\) of this equation such that \(\lim_{q \to 0} x(q)=0.\) The authors show that the solution can be obtained in terms of hyperelliptic functions and their inverses. They illustrate the result by applying it to polynomials of degrees two, three, four, and deriving the classical formulas for roots of these polynomials. Betti's result for quintic equations is also reproduced. The authors prove that the solution \(x=x(q)\) satisfies a generalized Abel ODE \( x'=a_{n-1}(q)x^{n-1}+\dots +a_2(q)x^2+a_1(q)x+a_0(q),\) where \(a_j(q)\), \(j=1,2,\dots,n-1,\) are rational functions with coefficients depending on the coefficients of \(R.\)