Additive problem with \(k\) numbers of a special form (Q2667861)

For any irrational number \(\alpha \) and any interval \(I\subseteq [0, 1)\), let \[ \mathbb{N}(\alpha , I)=\{ n : n\in \mathbb{N}, \{ \alpha n\} \in I\} , \] where \(\mathbb{N}\) denotes the set of all positive integers and \(\{ x \} \) is the fractional part of \(x\). Let \(k\) be an integer with \(k\ge 2\), \(\alpha_1, \dots , \alpha_k\) be irrational numbers and \(I_1, \dots , I_k \subseteq [0, 1)\). Let \(\mathbb{Q}\) be the field of rational numbers and \(V\) the vector space over \(\mathbb{Q}\) generated by \(1, \alpha_1, \dots , \alpha_k\). In this paper, the authors consider the equation \[ N=n_1+\cdots +n_k,\quad n_i\in \mathbb{N}(\alpha_i , I_i)\ (1\le i\le k). \] Let \(r_k(N)\) be the number of solutions of this equation. The following result is proved: \[ r_k (N)=\frac{c_k}{(k-1)!}N^{k-1} (1+o(1)), \] where \(c_k\) is a constant depending only on \(\alpha_1, \dots , \alpha_k\) and \(I_1, \dots , I_k\). In particular, if the dimension of \(V\) over \(\mathbb{Q}\) is larger than or equal to three, then \(c_k=|I_1|\cdots |I_k|\).