Time analyticity of the biharmonic heat equation, the heat equation with potentials and some nonlinear heat equations (Q2669220)

In this technical article, the author investigates the pointwise time analiticity of the solutions of three parabolic variants of the standard heat equation as follows: the biharmonic heat equation, the heat equation with potential and finally the non-linear heat equation with power non-linearity. More precisely, let \((M,g)\) be an oriented complete non-compact Riemannian \(d\)-manifold with Ricci curvature bounded from below by a constant (for example \(M={\mathbb R}^d\) works). Consider the following three partial differential equations for a scalar-valued function \(u(x,t)\) on \(M\times [0,1]\): (i) the \textit{biharmonic heat equation} \(\partial_tu+\Delta^2u=0\), (ii) whenever \(d\geqq 3\) the \textit{heat equation with potential} \(\partial_tu-\Delta u+Vu=0\) where \(V\in L^q(M,g)\) with some \(q\geqq 1\) is a time-independent potential and (iii) the \textit{non-linear heat equation with power non-linearity} \(\partial_tu-\Delta u-u^p=0\) where \(p\) is a positive rational number. It is known that while the spatial analiticity of the solutions of these equations follows in general, their analiticity in time often fails. In this context the author proves the analyticity in the time-variable \(t\in (0,1]\) of the solutions \(u(x,t)\) under a spatial boundedness assumption on \(u(x,t)\) in the first case (see Theorem 1.1 in the article), under various technical assumptions on the potential \(V(x)\) or a spatial boundedness assumptions on \(u(x,t)\) in the second case (see Theorems 1.2 and 1.3 in the article), and under both spatio-temporal boundedness assumptions on \(u(x,t)\) in the third case (see Theorems 1.4 and 1.5).