Localization of eigenfunctions in a thin cylinder with a locally periodic oscillating boundary (Q2669370)

The author studies the spectral problem for a second order scalar differential operator with fast oscillating coefficients in a thin multi-dimensional domain. This domain is introduced as follows: \begin{align*} &\Omega_\varepsilon = \Big\{ x=(x_1,x') : x_1 \in I, \, x' \in \varepsilon Q\Big(x_1,\frac{x_1}{\varepsilon}\Big) \Big\}, \qquad I=\Big(-\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2}\Big), \\ &Q(x_1, y_1) = \{ y' \in \mathbb{R}^{d-1} : F(x_1,y_1,y')>0 \}, \end{align*} where \(\varepsilon>0\) is a small parameter and \(F(x_1,y_1,y')\) is such that \begin{itemize} \item[(H1)] \(F(x_1, y_1, y') \in C^{2}(\overline I \times \mathbb{T}^1 \times \mathbb{R}^{d-1})\), where \(\mathbb{T}^1\) is the one-dimensional torus. \item[(H2)] \(Q(x_1, y_1)\) is non-empty, bounded, and simply connected. \end{itemize} The problem in question reads as \begin{align*} -\mathrm{div}\,\big( A\big(x_1, \frac{x}{\varepsilon}\big) \nabla u^\varepsilon \big) & = \lambda^\varepsilon u^\varepsilon \quad \text{ in } \Omega_\varepsilon, \\ u^\varepsilon &= 0 \quad \text{ on }\quad \partial \Omega_\varepsilon. \end{align*} The matrix \(A(x_1,y)\) is assumed to be an element of \(C^2( \overline{I}\times \mathbb{T}^1 \times \mathbb{R}^{d-1})\), where \(\mathbb{T}^1\) is the one-dimensional torus, realized with unit measure. The periodicity cell depends on \(x_1\): \begin{align*} \square(x_1) & = \{y = (y_1,y') \in \mathbb{T}^1 \times \mathbb{R}^{d-1} : y_1 \in \mathbb{T}^1, \, y' \in Q(x_1,y_1)\} \\ & = \{ y \in \mathbb{T}^1 \times \mathbb{R}^{d-1} : F(x_1, y) > 0 \}. \end{align*} For each \(x_1 \in \overline{I}\), let \((\mu_1, \psi_1(x_1, y))\), be the lowest eigenvalue and the associated normalized eigenfunction to the following cell eigenvalue problem: \begin{align*} -\mathrm{div}_y\,( A(x_1, y) \nabla_y \psi ) & = \mu(x_1) \psi \quad \text{ in } \square(x_1),\\ \psi &= 0 \quad \text{ on }\quad \partial \square(x_1). \end{align*} Then one introduces the homogenized problem for eigenpairs \((\nu, v)\) on \(\mathbb{R}\): \begin{align*} - \frac{d}{dz_1}\big( a^{\mathrm{eff}} \frac{d v}{dz_1} \big) + (c^\mathrm{eff} + \frac{1}{2}\mu_1''(0) z^2_1 )v = \nu v, \quad z_1 \in \mathbb{R}, \end{align*} where \begin{align*} &c^\mathrm{eff} = -\int_{\square(0)} \psi_1(0,y) \big( \mathrm{div}_y(A( x_1, y ) \nabla_x \psi_1(x_1,y)) + \mathrm{div}_x(A( x_1, y ) \nabla_y \psi_1(x_1,y)) \big) \Big|_{x_1 = 0} \,dy, \\ &a^\mathrm{eff} = \int_{\square(0)} \sum_{j=1}^d \psi_1^2(0,y)a_{1j}(0,y) (\delta_{1j} + \partial_{y_j}N(y)) \, dy, \end{align*} with \(N \in H^1(\square(0),\psi_1^2(0,y))\) being the unique solution to \begin{align*} -&\mathrm{div}_{y} ( (\psi_1^2 A)(0,y) \nabla_y N ) = \sum_{j=1}^d \partial_{y_j} (\psi_1^2 a_{j1})(0,y), \quad y \in \square(0), \\ &\int_{\square(0)} N^2(y) \psi_1^2(0,y) \,dy = 0. \end{align*} Here \(H^1(\square(0),\psi_1^2(0,y))\) is a weighted Sobolev space. The eigenvalues and the associated eigenfunctions of the homogenized problem are denoted by \(\nu_i\), \(v_i\). The main result is as follows. The \(i\)th eigenvalue \(\lambda_i^\varepsilon\) and the associated eigenfunction \(u^\varepsilon_i\) to the considered problem satisfy \begin{align*} &(i)&&\lambda_i^\varepsilon = \frac{\mu_1(0)}{\varepsilon^2} + \frac{\lambda_i^0}{\varepsilon} + o\Big( \frac{1}{\varepsilon} \Big), \quad \varepsilon \to 0, \\ &(ii)&&\frac{1}{\varepsilon^{d-1} \sqrt{\varepsilon}}\int_{\Omega_\varepsilon} \Big|u^\varepsilon_i(x) -\psi_1\Big(0, \frac{x}{\varepsilon} \Big)v_i^0\Big( \frac{x_1}{\sqrt{\varepsilon}}\Big)\Big|^2\, dx \to 0, \quad \varepsilon \to 0. \end{align*}