Strong resolving graph of a zero-divisor graph (Q2670721)

In this paper, the authors determine the structure of the strong resolving graph of the zero divisor graph \(\Gamma(R)\) of a commutative ring \(R\). The zero-divisor graph \(\Gamma(R)\) of a commutative unital ring \(R\) is the (simple undirected) graph whose vertex set is all nonzero zero divisors of \(R\) and two distinct vertices are joined by an edge if and only if their product is zero. A vertex \(u\) of a graph \(G\) is maximally distant from a vertex \(v\) if for every \(w \in N(u)\), \(D(v,w) \leq D(u, v)\). If \(u\) is maximally distant from \(v\) and \(v\) is maximally distant from \(u\), then \(u\) and \(v\) are mutually maximally distant. The boundary of \(G\) is defined as \(\partial(G) = \{u \in V(G)|\,\, \mbox{there exists}\,\, v \in V(G)\,\, \mbox{such that}\,\, u, v \,\, \mbox{are mutually maximally distant}\}\). The strong resolving graph of \(G\), denoted by \(G_{SR}\), is a graph with the vertex set \(V(G_{SR}) = \partial(G)\), where two vertices \(u, v\) are adjacent in \(G_{SR}\) if and only if \(u\) and \(v\) are mutually maximally distant. A vertex \(w\) of a connected graph \(G\) strongly resolves two vertices \(u, v\) of \(G\) if there exists a shortest path from \(u\) to \(w\) containing \(v\) or a shortest path from \(v\) to \(w\) containing \(u\). A set \(S\) of vertices is a strong resolving set for \(G\) if every pair of vertices of \(G\) is strongly resolved by some vertex of \(S\). The smallest cardinality of a strong resolving set for \(G\) is called the strong metric dimension of \(G\) and is denoted by \(\mathrm{sdim}_M(G)\). The following results are proved. Theorem. Suppose that \(R\) is a reduced ring and \(\mathrm{sdim}_M(\Gamma(R)) < \infty\). Then \(\mathrm{sdim}_M(\Gamma(R)) \in \{1, |Z(R)^{\ast}| - 2|Max(R)| + 2\}\). Theorem. Let \((R,m)\) be a local ring. Then \(\mathrm{sdim}_M(\Gamma(R)) = |Z(R)^{\ast}| - \overline{\omega}(\Gamma(R))\). Theorem. Let \(R \cong R_1 \times \ldots \times R_n\), where \((R_i ,m_i)\) be a non-field Artinian ring, for every \(1 \leq i \leq n\) and let \(n \geq 3\). Then \(\mathrm{sdim}_M(\Gamma(R)) = |Z(R)^{\ast}| - \overline{\omega}(\Gamma(R))\). Theorem. Let \(R \cong S \times T\) such that \(S = R_1 \times \ldots \times R_n\), \(n \geq 1\), \(T = F_1 \times \ldots \times F_l\), \(l \geq 1\), every \((R_i ,m_i)\) is a non-field Artinian ring and every \(F_i\) is a field.\\ \noindent(1) If \(n \geq 2\) or \(n = 1\) and \(m^2_1 \neq 0\), then \(\mathrm{sdim}_M(\Gamma(R)) = |Z(R)^{\ast}| - \overline{\omega}(\Gamma(S)) -2l\).\\ \noindent(2) If \(n = 1\) and \(m^2_1 = 0\), then \(\mathrm{sdim}_M(\Gamma(R)) = |Z(R)^{\ast}| - 2l - 1\).