Closed hypersurfaces of low entropy in \({\mathbb{R}^4}\) are isotopically trivial (Q2671456)

Let \(\Sigma\) be a smooth, properly embedded, closed, connected hypersurface of \({\mathbb R}^4\). Denote: \(\mathcal H\) the 3D Hausdorf measure, the Gaussian surface area \[ F[\Sigma] := (4\pi)^{\frac{3}{2}} \int_{\sigma} e^{- \frac{\mid x \mid^2}{4}} d \mathcal{H} \quad , \] and the entropy of \(\Sigma\) \[ \lambda[\Sigma] := \sup \{ F[\rho \Sigma +y] \mid y \in {\mathbb R}^4 \; , \; \rho >0 \} \quad . \] The authors prove that \(\lambda[\Sigma] \leq \lambda[{\mathbb S}^2 \times {\mathbb R}]\) implies that \(\Sigma\) is smoothly isotopic with \({\mathbb S}^3\). This theorem follows from some more general preliminary results in arbitrary dimension.