Star, semistar and standard operations: a case study (Q267404)

The notion of star operations were generalized to semistar operations by \textit{A. Okabe} and \textit{R. Matsuda} [Math. J. Toyama Univ. 17, 1--21 (1994; Zbl 0839.13003)]. Although work on prime and semiprime operations has been studied in the more general commutative ring setting. Star operations and semistar operations were only in the domain setting. Recently, \textit{N. Epstein} [Commun. Algebra 43, No. 1, 325--336 (2015; Zbl 1339.13002)] introduced star operations and semistar operations over a more general commutative ring. Surprisingly, many facts that are true in the domain setting are no longer the case. In this paper, the authors are concerned with a classification of the standard closures on the nodal curve. In Section 1, they reviewed closure operations on the set of ideals, the set of fractional ideals and the set of \(R\)-submodules of the total ring of fractions of a commutative ring \(R\). They highlighted some interesting examples which lead to some new definitions of closure operations. In Section 2, they reviewed the history about counting star and semistar operations in the domain setting and proved a result about counting closure operations on rings with a finite number of ideals. In Section 3, they proved their main result which is to exhibit that there are precisely \(24\) standard closures on the nodal curve \(k[[x,y]]/(xy)\). Due to Epstein's result which exhibits a bijection between finite type semistar operations and standard closures, they concluded that there are \(24\) finite type semistar operations on \(k[[x,y]]/(xy)\).