A revisit of the velocity averaging lemma: on the regularity of stationary Boltzmann equation in a bounded convex domain (Q2674351)

In this paper the authors consider the velocity averaging lemma to establish regularity for the class of stationary linearized Boltzmann equations in a bounded convex domain. It describes the case when the gas is confined in a bounded convex domain. The authors consider the incoming data with four iterations. The regularity in fractional Sobolev space in space variable up to order \(1^{-}\) is established. It is considered the regularity theory for the equation \[ v\cdot \nabla f(x,\xi )=L(f), \] where \(v\in\mathbb{R}^3\) and \(x\in\Omega \), where \(\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^3\) is a \(C^2\) bounded strictly convex domain such that \(\partial\Omega \) is of positive Gaussian curvatures, and \(L\) represents the linearization of the collision operator. The collision operator in Boltzmann equation reads \[ Q(F,G)=\int_{\mathbb{R}^3} \int_{0}^{2\pi } \int_{0}^{\pi /2} (F(v^{\prime })G(\xi_{\ast }^{\prime })- F(v)G(v_{\ast })B(|v_{\ast }-v|,\theta )) d\theta d\epsilon dv_{\ast }, \] where \(v\), \(v_{\ast }\) and \(v^{\prime }\), \(v_{\ast }^{\prime }\) are pairs of velocities before and after the impact, \(B\) is called the cross section, depending on interaction between particles, \(L\) is obtained by linearizing \(Q\) around the standard Maxwellian \(M(v)=\pi^{-3/2}e^{-|v|^2}\), \(F=M+M^{1/2}f\), and \(L(f)=M^{-1/2}(v) [Q(M^{1/2}f,M)+Q(M,M^{1/2}f]\). The well known angular cutoff potential is a mathematical model introduced by \textit{H. Grad} [Math. Models Phys. Sci., Proc. Conf. Univ. Notre Dame 1962, 3--16 (1963; Zbl 0178.28002); with \textit{R. van Norton} [Nuclear Fusion 1962, Suppl. 61--65 (1962; Zbl 0115.23104); in: Proceedings of the 5th international conference on ionization phenomena in gases, Munich, 28 Aug.--1 Sept. 1961. Volume 2. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publ. Comp. 1630--1649 (1962; Zbl 0105.42104)] where \(0\leq B\leq C|v-v_{\ast}|^{\gamma } \cos{\theta}\sin{\theta}\). In the present paper the authors follow Grad's idea, that is, \( B=|v-v_{\ast}|^{\gamma }\beta (\theta )\), \(0\leq\beta (\theta ) \leq C\cos{\theta}\sin{\theta}\), \(0\leq\gamma\leq 1\). The range of \(\gamma \) corresponds to the hard sphere model, cutoff hard potential, and cutoff Maxwellian molecular gases. Considering the incoming data, with four iterations, the authors establish regularity in fractional Sobolev space in space variable up to order \(1^{-}\). It is assumed that \(\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^3\) is a bounded convex open domain satisfying the positive curvature condition, linearized collision operator \(L\) satisfies an angular cutoff assumption \(0\leq B (|v-v_{\ast}|,\theta ) \leq C|v-v_{\ast}|^{\gamma } \cos{\theta}\sin{\theta}\), and collision frequency \(\nu \) is bounded by a special inequality. Also it is supposed that the incoming data \(g\) satisfies \(|g(q_1,v)|\leq Ce^{-a|v|^2}\). Then under the above stated assumptions it is proved that any solution \(f\in L^2(\Omega\times\mathbb{R}^3)\) for the stationary linearized Boltzmann equation belongs to the class \(L_{v}^{2}\), i.e. \(f\in L_{v}^{2} (\mathbb{R}^3;H_{x}^{1-\epsilon}(\Omega ))\) for any \(\epsilon\in (0,1)\).