Ground state solutions for the Chern-Simons-Schrödinger equation with zero mass potential. (Q2674470)

In this paper, the authors consider the following nonlinear Chern-Simons-Schrödinger equation \[-\Delta u+\Bigl(\frac{h^2_u(|x|)}{|x|^2}+\int^\infty_{|x|}\frac{h_u(s)}{s}u^2(s)\,ds\Bigr) u=-a|u|^{p-2}u+f(u)\quad x\in\mathbb{R}^2,\tag{1.1}\] where \(a>0\), \(p\in(2,3)\) and \[h_u(s)=\int^s_0\frac{\tau}{2}u^2(\tau)\,d\tau=\frac{1}{4\pi}\int_{B_s}u^2(x)\,dx\] and the nonlinearity \(f\) satisfies the folowing assumptions: \begin{itemize} \item[(F1)] \(f\in C(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R})\), and \(\lim_{|t|\to\infty}\frac{|f(t)|}{e^{\alpha t^2}}=0\)\, for all \(\alpha >0\); \item[(F2)] \(f(t)=o(|t|^{p-1})\)\, as \(t\to 0\); \item[(F3)] there exists \(\sigma >1\) such that the function \([\sigma f(t)t-2F(t)]=|t|^{5-2/\sigma}t\) is nondecreasing on \((-\infty,0)\cup(0,\infty)\); \item[(F4)] \(\lim_{|t|\to +\infty}\frac{F(t)}{|t|^{6-2/\sigma}}=+\infty\); \item[(F5)] there exists \(\theta\in(0,1)\) such that \[f(t)t-4F(t)+\frac{a\theta(4-p)}{4p}|t|^p\ge 0\,,\ F(t)\ge 0\quad\mbox{for all}\; t\in\mathbb{R};\] \item[(F5')] \(f(t)t\ge 6F(t)\ge 0\) for all \(t\in\mathbb{R}\); \item[(F6)] \(\liminf_{|t|\to\infty}\frac{f(t)t}{F(t)}>4\). \end{itemize} The energy functional associated with (1.1) is \[\Phi(u)=\frac{1}{2}\int_{\mathbb{R}^2}|\!\bigtriangledown u|^2\,dx+\frac{1}{2}\int_{\mathbb{R}^2}\frac{u^2}{|x|^2}\Bigl( \int^{|x|}_0\frac{s}{2}u^2(s)\,ds\Bigr)^2\,dx\] \[+\,\frac{a}{p}\int_{\mathbb{R}^2}|u|^p\,dx-\int_{\mathbb{R}^2}F(u)\,dx\,.\qquad\qquad\quad\tag{1.5}\] The working space \(E\) for the energy functional \(\Phi(u)\) is given by \[E:=\left\{u:u\;\mbox{is radial}\,,\;\int_{\mathbb{R}^2}|\!\bigtriangledown u|^2\,dx<\infty\,,\;\int_{\mathbb{R}^2}|u|^p\, dx<\infty\right\}.\] To state results, the authors define the following functionals: \[\hat{c}(u)=\int_{\mathbb{R}^2}\frac{u^2}{|x|^2}\Bigl(\int_{\mathbb{R}^2}\int^{|x|}_0\frac{s}{2}u^2(s)\,ds\Bigr)^2\,dx,\tag{1.6}\] \[J(u)=\sigma\|u\|^2_2+(3\sigma -2)\hat{c}(u)+\frac{a(p\sigma -2)}{p}\|u\|^p_p\] \[\quad +2\int_{\mathbb{R}^2}F(u)\,dx-\sigma\int_{\mathbb{R}^2}f(u)u\,dx\tag{1.7}\] and the set \[{\mathcal M}:=\{u\in E\setminus\{0\} :J(u)=0\}.\tag{1.8}\] The authors study the existence of ground state solutions and the existence of a mountain-pass type solution or infinitely many geometrically distinct of solutions to system (1.1) and prove the following theorems. \textbf{Theorem 1.1.} Assume that \(f\) satisfies (F1)-(F4). Then (1.1) has a solution \(\overline{u}\in\mathcal{M}\) such that \(\Phi(\overline{u})=\inf_{\mathcal M}\Phi\). \textbf{Theorem 1.2.} Assume that \(f\) satisfies (F1), (F2), (F5), and (F6). Then (1.1) has a nontrivial mountain-pass type solution. \textbf{Theorem 1.3.} Assume that \(f\) satisfies (F1), (F2), and (F5'). Then (1.1) possesses infinitely many pairs of geometrically distinct solutions \(\pm u\).