Musical isomorphisms and statistical manifolds (Q2675962)

On a pseudo-Riemannian manifold \((M, g)\), an affine connection \(\nabla\) is called a Codazzi connection if \(\nabla g\) is totally symmetric. The triple \((M,g,\nabla)\) is called a statistical manifold if \(\nabla\) is torsion free and Codazzi. This is the setting of information geometry. Via the musical isomorphism (lowering the index by metric) and \(\alpha\)-vertical/horizontal lifts on the tangent bundle, the authors construct \(g-\alpha\) vertical and \(g-\alpha\) horizontal lifts on the cotangent bundle. The authors prove a series of results including: \begin{itemize} \item Criteria for Lie bracket of the lifts to be related to the original Lie bracket via musical isomorphism; \item Criteria for the cotangent bundle to be statistical; \item Criteria for \(\alpha\)-flatness of the cotangent bundle (with the induced pseudo-Riemannian metric and connection); \item Criteria for coincidence between Schouten-Van Kampen \((\alpha)\)-connection and the induced connection on the cotangent bundle; \item Criteria for the Schouten-Van Kampen \((\alpha)\)-connection to be a Codazzi connection, a symmetric connection, and/or a statistical connection. \end{itemize} Earlier studies in this direction include [\textit{O. Calin} and \textit{C. Udrişte}, Geometric modeling in probability and statistics. Cham: Springer (2014; Zbl 1325.60001); \textit{S. I. Amari} et al., Differential geometry in statistical inference. Hayward, CA: Institute of Mathematical Statistics (1987; Zbl 0694.62001); \textit{A. Salimov} and \textit{R. Cakan}, Proc. Inst. Math. Mech., Natl. Acad. Sci. Azerb. 43, No. 1, 161--170 (2017; Zbl 1379.52016)].