Li-Yau inequalities for the Helfrich functional and applications (Q2680533)

In this paper, the authors have developed a new formula called the Li-Yau inequality which can help to study how curved surfaces behave in three-dimensional space. This formula includes a new term that accounts for the natural curve of the surface, and one can use this term to determine if a surface is embedded or not (meaning it doesn't intersect itself). This formula is applied to a specific case where the surface is shaped like a sphere, and able to show that if the energy of the surface is not too high, then one can find a smooth surface that is embedded. This is important because previously, we only knew how to find these surfaces in certain limited cases.