\(q\)-supercongruences from squares of basic hypergeometric series (Q2681975)

Let \(n\) be a positive integer, \(\Phi_{n}(q)\) the \(n\)-th cyclotomic polynomial in \(q\), \([n]=1+q+ \cdots +q^{n-1}\) the \(q\)-integer, \((a;q)_{n}\) the \(q\)-shifted factorial, \((a_{1}, a_{2}, \ldots , a_{m}; q)_{n}\) the abbreviated notation for \((a_{1} ; q)_{n} (a_{2} ; q )_{n} \cdots (a_{m} ; q )_{n}\), and \(k \geq 0\). Via the ``creative microscoping'' method jointly introduced by the first author and \textit{W. Zudilin} [Adv. Math. 346, 329--358 (2019; Zbl 1464.11028)], the paper proves four new \(q\)-supercongruences on truncated forms of squares of basic hypergeometric series, similar to those recently supplied by the second author [J. Difference Equ. Appl. 27, 16--25 (2021; Zbl 1472.11020)]. Namely, recalling a theorem due to the first author and \textit{M. J. Schlosser} [Result. Math. 75, No. 4, Paper No. 155, 12 p. (2020; Zbl 1469.11032)] and a lemma provided by \textit{M. El Bachraoui} [Ramanujan J., 54, 415--426 (2021; Zbl 1473.11002)], the paper establishes modulo \([n] \Phi_{n}(q)^{2}\) that \begin{align*} &\sum_{k=0}^{n-1} \sum_{j=0}^{k} a_{q}(j) a_{q}(k-j) \equiv q[n]^{2}, \text{ with } a_{q}(k)=[3 k+1] \frac{(q; q^2)_k^3 q^{-\binom{k+1}{2}}} {(q ; q)_{k}^{2}(q^{2} ; q^{2})_{k}}, \\ &\sum_{k=0}^{n-1} \sum_{j=0}^{k} b_{q}(j) b_{q}(k-j) \equiv q^{(n+1) / 2}[n]^{2},\text{ with } b_{q}(k)=(-1)^{k}[3 k+1] \frac{(q ; q^{2})_{k}^{3}}{(q ; q)_{k}^{3}}. \end{align*} Then, by employing the Chinese remainder theorem for coprime polynomials and, respectively, the Watson's \({}_8\phi _7\) and the Jackson's \({}_6\phi _5\) transformations, both illustrated in Vol. No. 96 of the \textit {Encyclopedia of Mathematics and its Applications} [Basic hypergeometric series. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (2004; Zbl 1129.33005)], the authors prove modulo \([n] \Phi_{n}(q)^{3}\) that \begin{align*} & \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} \sum_{j=0}^{k} c_{q}(j) c_{q}(k-j) \equiv q^{(n-1)^{2} / 2}[n]^{2}, \quad \text{with} \quad c_{q}(k)=(-1)^{k} q^{k^{2}}[4 k+1] \frac{(q ; q^{2})_{k}^{3}}{(q^{2} ; q^{2})_{k}^{3}}, \\ & \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} \sum_{j=0}^{k} d_{q}(j) d_{q}(k-j) \equiv q^{1-n}[n]^{2}, \quad \text{with} \quad d_{q}(k)=[4 k+1] \frac{(q ; q^{2})_{k}^{4}}{(q^{2} ; q^{2})_{k}^{4}}. \end{align*} Stemming from previous works by the first author [Acta Arith. 190, 381--393 (2019; Zbl 1459.11052); Int. J. Number Theory 17, 1201--1206 (2021; Zbl 1478.33009)], accomplished also in collaboration with \textit{M. J. Schlosser} [Constr. Approx. 53, No. 1, 155--200 (2021; Zbl 1462.33006)] and \textit{J. Zeng} [J. Number Theory 145, 301--316 (2014; Zbl 1315.11015)], further four \(q\)-supercongruences of the same kind are obtained through an accurate manipulation involving de L'Hôpital's rule and two different \(q\)-analogues of the Whipple's formula given, separately, by \textit{G. E. Andrews} [SIAM J. Math. Anal. 7, 332--336 (1976; Zbl 0339.33007)] and by \textit{V. K. Jain} [SIAM J. Math. Anal. 12, 957--961 (1981; Zbl 0469.33003)]. The paper eventually presents eight unsolved \(q\)-congruences as generalizations of its main results.