A two weight theorem for \(\alpha\)-fractional singular integrals with an energy side condition (Q268242)

Let \(0 \leq \alpha < n\). Consider a standard \(\alpha\)-fractional kernel \(K^{\alpha}(x,y)\) defined on \(\mathbb{R}^n \times \mathbb{R}^n\) satisfying \[ |K^{\alpha}(x,y)| \leq C\, |x-y|^{\alpha-n} \;\text{and} \;|\nabla K^{\alpha}(x,y)| \leq C\, |x-y|^{\alpha-n-1} . \tag{1} \] \(T^{\alpha}\) is a standard \(\alpha\)-fractional Calderón-Zygmund operator associated with the kernel \(K^{\alpha}\), if \(T^{\alpha}\) is a bounded linear operator from \(L^{p}(\mathbb{R}^n)\) to \(L^{q}(\mathbb{R}^n)\) for some fixed \(1< p \leq q < \infty\) and \[ T^{\alpha}f(x) = \int K^{\alpha}(x,y)f(y) \, dy, \quad \text{for\;a.\,e.} \;x \notin \text{supp} f, \] whenever \(f \in L^{p}(\mathbb{R}^n)\) has compact support in \(\mathbb{R}^n\). In this paper, the authors let \(\sigma\) and \(\omega\) be locally finite positive Borel measures on \(\mathbb{R}^n\) with no common point masses and prove a two weight inequality for standard \(\alpha\)-fractional Calderón-Zygmund operators \(T^{\alpha}\) in \(\mathbb{R}^n\), where they assume as side conditions the \(\mathcal{A}_2^{\alpha}\) conditions and the \(\alpha\)-energy conditions. They especially include the control of the functional energy by the energy modulo \(\mathcal{A}_2^{\alpha}\), the necessity of the \(\mathcal{A}_2^{\alpha}\) conditions for elliptic vectors, and the extension of certain one-dimensional arguments to higher dimensions in the light of the differing Poisson integrals used in the \(\mathcal{A}_2^{\alpha}\) and energy conditions. More precisely, they show that any smooth truncation of \(T_{\sigma}^{\alpha}\) is bounded from \(L^2(\sigma)\) to \(L^2(\omega)\), provided that the two dual \(\mathcal{A}_2^{\alpha}\) conditions and the two dual testing conditions for \(T^{\alpha}\) hold, the weak boundedness property for \(T^{\alpha}\) holds, and the two dual \(\alpha\)-energy conditions hold. Conversely, let \(\mathbf{T}^{\alpha}= \{T_j^{\alpha}\}_{j=1}^{J}\) be a vector of Calderón-Zygmund operators with standard kernels \(\{K_j^{\alpha}\}_{j=1}^{J}\). In the range of \(0 \leq \alpha < n/2\) and \(n/2 \leq \alpha < n\) the authors assume certain ellipticity conditions. If each operator \((T_j^{\alpha})_{\sigma}\) is bounded from \(L^2(\sigma)\) to \(L^2(\omega)\), then the \(\mathcal{A}_2^{\alpha}\) condition holds. When \(n \geq 2\), they also ask a question whether the energy conditions are necessary for the boundedness of any given strongly elliptic vector \(\mathbf{T}^{\alpha}\) of \(\alpha\)-fractional Calderón-Zygmund operators or not.