Lie group symmetry analysis and invariant difference schemes of the two-dimensional shallow water equations in Lagrangian coordinates (Q2685797)

A study of the two-dimensional shallow water equations is carried out, starting from its transformation from Eulerian to Lagrangian coordinates. In the latter coordinates system, the Lie point symmetry algebra changes from finite- to infinite-dimensional, due to the occurrence of the infinite-dimensional algebra of relabelling symmetries. Moreover, the considered system of equations is transformed into one of Lagrange type, which allows the application of the well-known Nœther's theorem for the computation of conservation laws. These conservation laws are in fact needed for the discretization of the considered equations to be to carried out later in the paper. Several of the stated conservation laws are constructed, including the conservation laws of energy, momentum, and mass. The group classification of the two-dimensional shallow water equations in Lagrangian coordinates is performed for the case where the bottom topography is an arbitrary quadratic function of the two space variables. This gives rise to two distinct extensions of the principal Lie algebra which is itself infinite-dimensional. The determination of the group foliation of the considered system of equations gives rise to its decomposition into automorphic and resolving systems, and allows a group theoretic justification of the relationship between Lagrangian and Eulerian coordinates. Based on a result of [S. V. Meleshko, Commun Nonlinear Sci Numer Simul 89, 105293 (2020; Zbl 1450.35022)] it is also shown that for particular bottoms the system of equations under study can be reduced to the gas dynamics equations of a polytropic gas with the exponent \(\gamma = 2.\) The discretization of the shallow water equation in Lagrangian coordinates is also considered and two approaches are used for the construction of their invariant conservative schemes. Namely, by extending known one-dimensional scheme previously constructed by the authors in [\textit{V. A. Dorodnitsyn} and \textit{E. I. Kaptsov}, Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul. 89, Article ID 105343, 23 p. (2020; Zbl 1450.76024)], and by a direct algebraic approach. These constructions are achieved through some assumptions on the approximations of conservation laws. A restriction is also made in the discretization on the infinite-dimensional algebra of relabelling symmetries, in order to preserve mesh orthogonality and uniformness in the discretization procedure. Some important differences in the construction of numerical schemes for the one-dimensional and the two-dimensional shallow water equations are outlined. Similarly the advantages of discretizing the two-dimensional shallow water equations through a direct algebraic approach as opposed to extending known invariant schemes for the one-dimensional shallow water equations are highlighted.