Determining spreading speeds for abstract time-periodic monotone semiflows (Q2687337)

In this paper, the authors studied the spreading speed determinacy to an abstract time-periodic monotone semiflow, which is of monostable type with weak compactness and and admits multiple equilibria. The difficulties and challenges in the study are mainly from below: \begin{itemize} \item[(i)] A time-periodic model is much more complicated than the traditional constant coefficient one; \item[(ii)] The existence of extra equilibria between zero equilibrium and the positive equilibrium induces the possible non-uniqueness of the spreading speeds, and if a model indeed has two or more spreading speeds, no references are focusing on classifying the speed selection currently; \item[(iii)] In the case when its linear system (around zero) is reducible so that the principal eigenvalue of linear map \(M_t\) does not possess a strongly positive eigenvector, problems arise in determining the linear speed, especially in the case where multiple linear spreading speeds exist; \item[(iv)] As to the fast decay of the pushed wave to the nonlinear semiflow \(\{Q_t\}_{t\in T}\) , it is needed to determine whether the whole species components takes the same faster decay rate, or if not, which species will decay at a fast rate. \end{itemize} The authors first studied under what condition, the single spreading speed exists and established necessary and sufficient conditions for linear and nonlinear selections of the spreading speed as well as the minimal wave speed of traveling wavefronts. In the case of multiple spreading speeds, the determinacy of each speed is further investigated based on the connection of wavefronts to the boundary equilibria. Finally, they applied the results to five typical time-periodic models: a diffusive equation with discrete delay, a stream population model with a benthic zone, a nonlocal dispersal Lotka-Volterra model, a reducible cooperative model, and a cooperative Lotka-Volterra model.