An orthogonal approach to algebraic weak factorisation systems (Q2689175)

The concept of a \textit{factorization system} abstracts the relationship between surjections and injections in algebraic category. Originating in the early days of category theory [\textit{S. MacLane}, Bull. Am. Math. Soc. 56, 485--516 (1950; Zbl 0041.36306); \textit{S. MacLane}, Bull. Am. Math. Soc. 56, 485--516 (1950; Zbl 0045.29905)], the concept has been slowly refined [\textit{J. R. Isbell}, Can. J. Math. 9, 563--577 (1957; Zbl 0081.11001); \textit{J. F. Kennison}, Ill. J. Math. 12, 353--365 (1968; Zbl 0155.31402); \textit{C. M. Ringel}, Math. Z. 117, 249--266 (1970; Zbl 0206.30002)] with the importance of \textit{orthogonality} gradually coming to light. \textit{Weak factorization systems} were first considered by \textit{D. G. Quillen} [Homotopical algebra. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer-Verlag (1967; Zbl 0168.20903)] in his definition of a closed model category involving two interconneccted weak factorization systems. The search for concepts intermediate between factorization systems and weak factorization systems resulted in Grandis and Tholen's natural weak factorization systems [\textit{M. Grandis} and \textit{W. Tholen}, Arch. Math., Brno 42, No. 4, 397--408 (2006; Zbl 1164.18300)], which was refined by \textit{R. Garner} [Appl. Categ. Struct. 20, No. 2, 103--141 (2012; Zbl 1256.55005)], nowadays known as \textit{algebraic weak factorization systems} (awfs). This paper aims to give a new definition of awfs without mentioning functorial factorization, comonads or monads, where the key property is the concept of \textit{lifting operation} [\textit{J. Bourke} and \textit{R. Garner}, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 220, No. 1, 108--147 (2016; Zbl 1327.18004); J. Pure Appl. Algebra 220, No. 1, 148--174 (2016; Zbl 1327.18005)]. The principal result in this paper is the equivalence between the categories of awfs on \ and of lifting awfs on . One significant point is that an awfs, as classically presented, is a form of theory while the associated lifting awfs represents the semantics of the theory.