Perturbed Toeplitz matrices and their LU-decompositions (Q2690954)

Consider the \(n\times n\) tetradiagonal Toeplitz matrices \(\phi_{n}(x,y)= [\tau_{i - j}] _{i, j=1}^{n},\) with entries \( \tau_{0}= x, \tau_{-1}= y, \tau_{1}= -y, \tau_{2}= -x\) and \(0,\) otherwise, and \(\psi_{n}(x,y)= [\sigma_{i - j}] _{i, j=1}^{n},\) with entries \( \sigma_{0}= x, \sigma_{-1}= y, \sigma_{1}= y, \sigma_{2}= x\) and \(0,\) otherwise. Their determinants are explicitly evaluated as det \( \phi_{n}(x,y) =P_{n}(x,y), \) det \(\psi_{n}(x,y) =P_{n}(x, iy), \) where \(P_{n}(x,y)\) is the bivariate polynomial \(P_{n}(x,y)= \sum _{k=0}^{\lfloor n/2\rfloor} x^{n-2k} y^{2k}.\) This is the first contribution of this paper. In a second step, the above Toeplitz matrices are perturbed by a \(2 \times 2\) matrix located in the upper right corner. Thus, their LU factorization is explicitly given. As a straightforward consequence, the expressions of the corresponding determinants are deduced by considering the product of the diagonal entries of the upper triangular matrix.