Subsemivarieties of \(Q\)-algebras (Q2701575)

For a polynomial \(P\) in \(n\) non-commuting variables without constant and a Banach algebra \(A\) denote \(\|P\|_A:= \sup\{\|P(x_1,\dots, x_n)\|: x_i\in A,\|x_i\|\leq 1\}\). If further \(K_P\) is a constant the pair \((P,K_P)\) is called a law, and \(A\) is said to satisfy this law of \(\|P\|_A\leq K_P\). A set \(V\) of Banach algebras is called a variety if there exists a family of laws, such that \(V\) consists of all Banach algebras satisfying each law. A family of laws \((P,K_P)\), where each polynomial is homogeneous, together with a constant \(K\) is said to define a subvariety \(W\) of Banach algebras, if \(W\) consists of all Banach algebras \(A\) such that \(\|P\|_A\leq K^iK_P\) for each \((P,K_P)\), where \(i\) is the degree of \(P\). A semivariety in general is not a variety at all. This is shown by two examples, a chain and an antichain of subvarieties each of which member is not a variety. Each algebra is chosen as a \(Q\)-algebra, i.e. an algebra is isomorphic to the quotient of a uniform algebra with respect to a closed ideal.