The spectral radius, hyperbolic operators and Lyapunov's theorem (Q2708563)

The paper is concerned with investigations of operator equations \(AX- XB= C\) resp. \(X- AXB= C\) acting on Banach spaces \(E,F: A\in L(E,E)\), \(B\in L(F,F)\), \(X,C\in L(E,F)\). These investigations are motivated by the well-known Lyapunov characterization of exponential stability: A continuous \(C_0\)-semigroup \((T(t))_{t\geq 0}\) on a Hilbert space with generator \(A\) is exponentially stable iff for some (all) positive definite operator \(Q\) the equation \(AX+ XA^*=-Q\) has a positive definite solution. The discrete version is as follows:NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEFor a bounded operator \(T\) we have \(r(T)< 1\) iff for some positive definite \(Q\) the equation \(X- T^* XT= Q\) has a positive definite solution.NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEA typical result is proved in Theorem 3: \(X\) is a solution an equation \(X- AXB= C\) iff \(\sum A^k CB^k\) is bounded.NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEConsidering the operator \({\mathcal T}: X\mapsto AXB\) (on the space of linear operators) this result is reduced to the apparently simpler characterization (Theorem 1): 1 belongs to the resolvent of a linear operator \({\mathcal T}\) on a Banach space iff \(\sum{\mathcal T}^n\) is bounded.NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINESection 3 is concerned with hyperbolic operators and solvability of equations of Lyapunov type.NEWLINENEWLINEFor the entire collection see [Zbl 0957.00037].