Complex Hénon maps and discrete groups (Q271727)

The author considers the standard family of complex Hénon maps \(H_{p,a}(x,y)=(p(x)-a y, x)\), where \(p(x)\) is a monic polynomial of degree two and \(a\) is a complex parameter. If \(a\neq 0\), then \(H_{p,a}\) is a biholomorphism with constant Jacobian equal to \(a\), and the inverse map is \(H^{-1}_{p,a}(x,y)=(y, (p(y)- x)/a)\). If \(a=0\), \(H_{p,0}=(p(x),x)\) is no longer a biholomorphism and maps all \(\mathbb{C}^{2}\) to the curve \(\{x=p(y)\}\). The analytic structures of the escaping sets \(U^{+}\) and \(U^{-}\) of the Hénon map, under forward and backward iterations, respectively, are nicely described using some existing results. The author explains how to extend the group action to the boundary \(\mathbb{S}^{1} \times \mathbb{C}\), in order to represent the fractal boundary \(J^{+}\) (Julia set) of \(U^{+}\) as the quotient \(\mathbb{S}^{1} \times \mathbb{C}/\Gamma_{p,a}\) by an equivalence relation. Here, \(\Gamma_{p, a}\) denotes the group of deck transformations. A joint trivialization of the foliation of \(U^{+}\) and the lamination of \(J^{+}\) is also given. The author analyzes the extension for Hénon maps that are perturbations of hyperbolic polynomials with connected Julia set or polynomials with a parabolic fixed point. Note that the Böttcher isomorphism \(\phi\) and its two-dimensional analogue \(\phi^{+}\) are essential tools in the study of Hénon maps that come from perturbations of hyperbolic polynomials with connected Julia set and give valuable information about the topological structure of the Julia set \(J\) of these maps. It is proved that the dynamics of the Hénon map on the set \(J^{+}\) is semi-conjugate to the dynamics of a model map on an topological manifold \(\mathcal{M}\). It is also shown that the set \(J^{+}\) is a quotient of the manifold \(\mathcal{M}\) by an equivalence relation. The most interesting behavior of the map \(\alpha : \mathbb{S}^{1} \rightarrow \mathbb{C}^{*}\) is described by the Hénon family, which encodes the dynamics of the Hénon map on its Julia set \(J^{+}\). The image of \(\alpha\) is a fractal set and some images are shown as Julia sets. In the last, the author provides sharp growth estimates of the group elements which give a powerful tool for analyzing the properties of the extension of the group of deck transforms \(\Gamma_{p,a}\) to the boundary of the covering manifold.