Digital sum problems for the \(p\)-adic expansion of natural numbers (Q2725501)

For a fixed integer \(p>1\), let the \(p\)-adic expansion of \(n\in \mathbb N\) be \(n=\sum_{i\geq 0} \alpha_i(n)p^i\), where \(\alpha_i(n)\in \{0,1,\dots ,p-1\}\). For \(1\leq \ell \leq p-1\), let \(s(n,\ell)=\sum_{i\geq 0,\;\alpha_i(n)=\ell} 1\), \(s(n)=\sum_{\ell=1}^{p-1} \ell s(n,\ell)\) be the sum of digits of \(n\), let \(S_k(N)=\sum_{n=0}^{N-1} s(n)^k\), \(k\in \mathbb N\), and \(F(\xi,N)=\sum_{n=0}^{N-1} \exp(\xi s(n))\), where \(\xi \in \mathbb R\). NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEApplying earlier results of the authors on multinomial measures, using properties of the Bernoulli polynomials and noting that NEWLINE\[NEWLINE \frac{\partial^k}{\partial \xi^k} F(\xi,N)|_{\xi=0} = \sum_{n=0}^{N-1} s(n)^k\exp(\xi s(n))|_{\xi =0} =S_k(N), NEWLINE\]NEWLINE explicit formulas for \(F(\xi,N)\) and \(S_k(N)\) are given.